［APUE2nd学习笔记］Ch5. Standard I/O Library

fwide:   stream   orientation  
   
  buffering   types:   full   buffered,   line   buffered,   unbuffered  
  most   implementation:   stderr   is   unbuffered,   terminal   devices   are   linue   buffered,   others   are   full   buffered  
  setbuf,   setvbuf:   let   the   system   choose   the   buffer   size   and   auto   allocate   the   buffer  
  fflush  
   
  fopen,   freopen,   fdopen:   r,   r+,   w,   w+,   a,   a+  
   
  ferror,   feof,   clearerr  
   
  getc,   fgetc,   getchar,   ungetc,   putc,   fputc,   putchar:   character-at-a-time   I/O  
  fgets,   gets,   fputs,   puts:   line-at-a-time   I/O   (always   use   fgets   and   fputs)  
  fread,   fwrite:   direct   I/O   (won't   work   when   across   different   systems,   p146)  
   
  ftell,   fseek,   rewind,   fgetpos,   fsetpos  
   
  printf,   fprintf,   sprintf,   snprintf,   vprintf,   vfprintf,   vsprintf,   vsnprintf   (p149)  
  %[flags][fldwidth][precision][lenmodifier]convtype  
   
  scanf,   fscanf,   sscanf,   vscanf,   vfscanf,   vsscanf   (p151)  
  %[*][fldwidth][lenmodifier]convtype  
   
  fileno  
   
  tmpnam,   tmpfile,   tempnam,   mkstemp   (don't   use   mkstemp)