多值量子算术运算:原理与电路实现
1. 量子三值半减法器
1.1 构建基础
量子三值半减法器是利用设计好的量子三值与(AND)和或(OR)运算构建的,这些运算使用了移位操作和 $C_2$ NOT 操作。
1.2 工作原理
对于不同的输入位模式,量子三值半减法器的工作过程如下:
| 输入 A, B | A0 | A1 | A2 | B0 | B1 | B2 | 差值(Difference) | 借位(Borrow) |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 0, 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0, 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| 0, 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 1, 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1, 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1, 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 2, 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 2, 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2, 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
差值和借位的计算公式如下:
- 差值:$Difference = A_0.B_1 + A_1.B_2