[设计模式] 构建者模式

问题：多个属性的对象创建

• 解决方案1：重载多个构造器，但是随着属性的增加，构造器个数也会成吨的增长，且要选择正确的构造器难度增添了不少。

public class Computer {

    private String cpu; //可选，默认为intel
    private String motherboard ; //，可选，默认为gigabyte
    private String memory;
    private String  graphics;

    public Computer(String cpu, String motherboard, String memory, String graphics) {
        this.cpu = cpu;
        this.motherboard = motherboard;
        this.memory = memory;
        this.graphics = graphics;
    }
    public Computer(String motherboard, String memory, String graphics) {
        this("intel", motherboard, memory, graphics);
    }
    public Computer(String memory, String graphics) {
        this("intel", "gigabyte", memory, graphics);
    }

    ...

}

• 解决方案2：通过setter注入，但是setter注入也会随着属性增加而要写的代码线性增长

public class Computer {

    private String cpu = "intel"; //可选，默认为intel
    private String motherboard = "gigabyte"; //，可选，默认为gigabyte
    private String memory;
    private String  graphics;

    public void setCpu(String cpu) {
        this.cpu = cpu;
    }
    public void setMotherboard(String motherboard) {
        this.motherboard = motherboard;
    }
    public void setMemory(String memory) {
        this.memory = memory;
    }
    public void setGraphics(String graphics) {
        this.graphics = graphics;
    }
} 

构建者模式

public class ComputerFacts {

    private String cpu; //可选，默认为intel
    private String motherboard ; //，可选，默认为gigabyte
    private String memory;
    private String  graphics;

    public static class Builder{
        private String cpu = "intel"; //可选，默认为intel
        private String motherboard = "gigabyte" ; //，可选，默认为gigabyte

        private String memory;
        private String  graphics;

        public Builder cpu(String cpu) {
            this.cpu = cpu;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder motherboard(String motherboard) {
            this.motherboard = motherboard;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder memory(String memory) {
            this.memory = memory;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder graphics(String graphics) {
            this.graphics = graphics;
            return this;
        }

        public ComputerFacts build(){
            return new ComputerFacts(this);
        }
    }

    private ComputerFacts(Builder builder){
        this.cpu = builder.cpu;
        this.motherboard = builder.motherboard;
        this.memory = builder.memory;
        this.graphics = builder.graphics;
    }

}

//客户端调用
ComputerFacts computer = new ComputerFacts.Builder()
                .graphics("geforce")
                .memory("kingstom")
                .build();

相对前面的第一种可以避免要花时间去选择合适的构造器，对于第二种不用一个一个属性进行注入。但是缺点也明显，就是这个模式的代码量明显多了很多，且构建一个对象调用了两次new方法，效率相对较低。如果是多个参数的对象，为了使得客户端代码更容易编写，更倾向于使用这种模式来创建对象。