Struts 2有个很强大的功能,就是可以自动完成服务器端Java对象和客户端JSON对象之间的映射。这篇文章就介绍一下如何将Java对象序列化成JSON格式并传到客户端。可以看看不同的Java类型和JSON类型之间是如何映射的。
pom.xml
需要引入struts2-json-plugin包。
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.3.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
struts.xml
package extends要增加”json-default”;负责映射的TestAction设置result type为json。
<package name="sandbox" namespace="/" extends=" struts-default, json-default">
<action name="main" class="sandbox.z.MainAction">
<result>/jsp/main.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="test" class="sandbox.z.TestAction">
<result type="json" />
</action>
</package>
main.jsp
<script>
require([ "dojo/ready",
"dojo/_base/xhr",
"dojo/json",
"dijit/registry" ], function(ready, xhr, JSON, registry) {
ready(function() {
var xhrArgs = {
url : "/test.action",
handleAs : "json", /*设置返回数据的类型,和服务器端的设置一致*/
sync : true
};
var deferred = xhr.get(xhrArgs);
deferred.then(function(result) {
var output = JSON.stringify(result); /*将返回值变成json string*/
console.log(output); /*打印到Firebug console*/
});
});
});
</script>
TestAction.java
TestAction中,凡是有setter方法的属性都会被转换成JSON并输出到客户端。
package sandbox.z;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name = "john";
private int age = 30;
private double height = 1.78;
private int[] scores = {85, 90};
private List<Integer> score_array = new ArrayList<Integer>();
public void setScore_array(List<Integer> score_array) {
this.score_array = score_array;
}
public List<Integer> getScore_array() {
return score_array;
}
private List array = new ArrayList();
public List getArray() {
return array;
}
public void setArray(List array) {
this.array = array;
}
private Map books_map = new HashMap();
public void setBooks_map(Map books_map) {
this.books_map = books_map;
}
public Map getBooks_map() {
return books_map;
}
private Book book = new Book();
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public Book getBook() {
return book;
}
public String execute() {
score_array.add(85);
score_array.add(90);
array.add(85);
array.add("Struts2");
books_map.put("struts2", 85);
getBook().setName("Struts2");
getBook().setPrice(85.30);
List<String> sellers = new ArrayList<String>();
sellers.add("SA");
sellers.add("SB");
getBook().setSellers(sellers);
return SUCCESS;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setHeight(double height) {
this.height = height;
}
public double getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setscores(int[] scores) {
this.scores = scores;
}
public int[] getscores() {
return scores;
}
}
Firebug console
{"age":30,"array":[85,"Struts2"],"book":{"name":"Struts2","price":85.3,"sellers":["SA","SB"]},"books_map":{"struts2":85},"height":1.78,"name":"john","score_array":[85,90],"scores":[85,90]
总结
可以看到,从JAVA对象转换到JSON格式还是非常直白的。由于JAVA对象比较复杂,表达能力强,而JSON格式比较简单,表达能力弱,因此这种转换大致不太会出错。而相反的,如果要将JSON转换成JAVA,则需要考虑是否需要额外的信息帮助将简单的格式转换成复杂对象。可以想象这中间会出现歧义。
参考文献
[1] JSON Plugin. http://struts.apache.org/release/2.2.x/docs/json-plugin.html