C++学习笔记39：浅层复制和深层复制

浅层复制

实现对象间数据元素的一一对应复制。
例 先建立一个对象数组，再使用默认复制构造函数产生，

//6_21.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;

class Point {
public:
	Point() : x(0), y(0) {
		cout<<"Default Constructor called."<<endl;
	}

	Point(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {
		cout<< "Constructor called."<<endl;
	}

	~Point() { cout<<"Destructor called."<<endl; }

	int getX() const { return x; }

	int getY() const { return y; }

	void move(int newX, int newY) {
		x = newX;
		y = newY;
	}
private:
	int x, y;
};

//动态数组类
class ArrayOfPoints {
public:
	ArrayOfPoints(int size) : size(size) {
		points = new Point[size];
	}

	~ArrayOfPoints() {
		cout << "Deleting..." << endl;
		delete[] points;
	}

	//获得下标为index的数组元素
	Point &element(int index) {
		assert(index >= 0 && index < size);	//如果数组下标不会越界，程序中止
		return points[index];
	}
private:
	Point *points;	//指向动态数组首地址
	int size;		//数组大小
};

int main() {
	int count;
	cout << "Please enter the count of points: ";
	cin >> count;
	ArrayOfPoints pointsArray1(count);		//创建对象数组
	pointsArray1.element(0).move(5,10);
	pointsArray1.element(1).move(15,20);
	
	ArrayOfPoints pointsArray2 = pointsArray1; //创建对象数组副本
	cout << "Copy of pointsArray1:" << endl;
	cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;
	cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;

	pointsArray1.element(0).move(25, 30);
	pointsArray1.element(1).move(35, 40);
	cout << "After the moving of pointsArray1:" << endl;
	cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;
	cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;

	return 0;
}

完成复制构造之后，修改原对象数组的数据成员时，复制出的副本的值也随之发生变化，这说明复制过程是将指针也复制过去，使得修改指针所指向的内存地址中的值的时候，不管是原对象还是副本中的对应数据都发生了变化。

深层复制

当被复制的对象数据成员是指针类型时，不是复制该指针本身，而是将指针所指的对象进行复制。
例

//6_22.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;

class Point {
public:
	Point() : x(0), y(0) {
		cout<<"Default Constructor called."<<endl;
	}

	Point(int x, int y) : x(x), y(y) {
		cout<< "Constructor called."<<endl;
	}

	~Point() { cout<<"Destructor called."<<endl; }

	int getX() const { return x; }

	int getY() const { return y; }

	void move(int newX, int newY) {
		x = newX;
		y = newY;
	}
private:
	int x, y;
};

//动态数组类
class ArrayOfPoints {
public:
	ArrayOfPoints(int size) : size(size) {
		points = new Point[size];
	}

	ArrayOfPoints(const ArrayOfPoints& v);

	~ArrayOfPoints() {
		cout << "Deleting..." << endl;
		delete[] points;     
	}

	//获得下标为index的数组元素
	Point &element(int index) {
		assert(index >= 0 && index < size);	//如果数组下标不会越界，程序中止
		return points[index];
	}
private:
	Point *points;	//指向动态数组首地址
	int size;		//数组大小
};

ArrayOfPoints::ArrayOfPoints(const ArrayOfPoints& v) {
	size = v.size;
	points = new Point[size];
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		points[i] = v.points[i];
}

int main() {
	int count;
	cout << "Please enter the count of points: ";
	cin >> count;
	ArrayOfPoints pointsArray1(count);		//创建对象数组
	pointsArray1.element(0).move(5,10);
	pointsArray1.element(1).move(15,20);
	
	ArrayOfPoints pointsArray2 = pointsArray1; //创建对象数组副本
	cout << "Copy of pointsArray1:" << endl;
	cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;
	cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;

	pointsArray1.element(0).move(25, 30);
	pointsArray1.element(1).move(35, 40);
	cout << "After the moving of pointsArray1:" << endl;
	cout << "Point_0 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(0).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(0).getY() << endl;
	cout << "Point_1 of array2: " << pointsArray2.element(1).getX() << ", "
		<< pointsArray2.element(1).getY() << endl;


	return 0;
}

对比上例，在动态数组类中加入了新的构造函数，采用的是用原对象数组作为常引用传到构造函数中，既保护了数据，又实现了数据的传递。按size大小构造一个同样大小的动态数组。首地址存入到point指针中，最后通过for循环将参数中的值一一传递到新构造的对象数组中。