GIS开发入门，GeoJSON是什么？GeoJSON格式标准介绍

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-06 09:24:56 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-06-06 09:24:56 发布
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分类专栏： GIS入门笔记 文章标签： gis GeoJson 地图制作 地图引擎 gis地图开发
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前言

GEOJSON是gis地图中常用的数据格式，制作地图时用于存储各种地理数据，使用时通过OpenLayer、Leaflet、mapLibre-gl或者Cesium加载GEOJSON即可渲染出GEOJSON中描述的地理要素。
闲话少说，让我们来看看GEOJSON格式是什么样的。

GEOJson

GEOJSON介绍

GeoJSON是一种使用JSON格式描述地理数据结构的编码格式。
https://geojson.org/

GEOJSON支持的数据类型：

Point, LineString, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiLineString和 MultiPolygon
点，线，多边形，多个点，多条线和多个多变形

Feature

典型描述一个点（Point）的数据示例

{
  "type": "Feature",
  "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [125.6, 10.1]
  },
  "properties": {
    "name": "Dinagat Islands"
  }
}

FeatureCollection

除了Feature外，还支持FeatureCollection的多个Feature的数据。

一个典型的FeatureCollection示例：

{
       "type": "FeatureCollection",
       "features": [{
           "type": "Feature",
           "geometry": {
               "type": "Point",
               "coordinates": [102.0, 0.5]
           },
           "properties": {
               "prop0": "value0"
           }
       }, {
           "type": "Feature",
           "geometry": {
               "type": "LineString",
               "coordinates": [
                   [102.0, 0.0],
                   [103.0, 1.0],
                   [104.0, 0.0],
                   [105.0, 1.0]
               ]
           },
           "properties": {
               "prop0": "value0",
               "prop1": 0.0
           }
       }, {
           "type": "Feature",
           "geometry": {
               "type": "Polygon",
               "coordinates": [
                   [
                       [100.0, 0.0],
                       [101.0, 0.0],
                       [101.0, 1.0],
                       [100.0, 1.0],
                       [100.0, 0.0]
                   ]
               ]
           },
           "properties": {
               "prop0": "value0",
               "prop1": {
                   "this": "that"
               }
           }
       }]
   }

一个完整GeoJSON数据示例

一个完整GeoJSON数据示例）：

{
  "features": [
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Bird Exhibit",
        "height": 0,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "orange"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.618312,
              41.866282
            ],
            [
              -87.61832,
              41.866674
            ],
            [
              -87.618087,
              41.866676
            ],
            [
              -87.618087,
              41.866661
            ],
            [
              -87.617423,
              41.86667
            ],
            [
              -87.617416,
              41.8663
            ],
            [
              -87.618312,
              41.866282
            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "06e8fa0b3f851e3ae0e1da5fc17e111e"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Bird Exhibit",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.617808,
              41.866266
            ],
            [
              -87.617806,
              41.866293
            ],
            [
              -87.617415,
              41.866298
            ],
            [
              -87.617424,
              41.866671
            ],
            [
              -87.617382,
              41.866669
            ],
            [
              -87.617371,
              41.866274
            ],
            [
              -87.617808,
              41.866266
            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "08a10ab2bf15c4d14669b588062f7f08"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "East Hallway",
        "base_height": 0,
        "height": 0,
        "color": "indigo"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.616704,
              41.866141
            ],
            [
              -87.616707,
              41.866338
            ],
            [
              -87.61572,
              41.866355
            ],
            [
              -87.61572,
              41.866148
            ],
            [
              -87.616704,
              41.866141
            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "09ead44537d94ece576c7bc001c33e53"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "East Entrance",
        "base_height": 0,
        "height": 0,
        "color": "violet"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.61544,
              41.866149
            ],
            [
              -87.615449,
              41.866358
            ],
            [
              -87.615721,
              41.866355
            ],
            [
              -87.61572,
              41.866143
            ],
            [
              -87.61544,
              41.866149
            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "12251ebf764b36cf3b8c5ad42e2deb29"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "height": 0,
        "base_height": 0,
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Under the Earth",
        "color": "red"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.616701,
              41.865816
            ],
            [
              -87.616705,
              41.866115
            ],
            [
              -87.615712,
              41.866125
            ],
            [
              -87.615706,
              41.865802
            ],
            [
              -87.615936,
              41.865801
            ],
            [
              -87.615938,
              41.865824
            ],
            [
              -87.616701,
              41.865816
            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "1ce4f8c186a40b9927006644e27bfd69"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Atrium",
        "base_height": 0,
        "height": 0,
        "color": "yellow"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.617365,
              41.865799
            ],
            [
              -87.6167,
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            ],
            [
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            ],
            [
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            ],
            [
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            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "369f5d8865e677120b7576b1de6082eb"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Ancient Egypt",
        "height": 0,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "blue"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.61807,
              41.865761
            ],
            [
              -87.618299,
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            ],
            [
              -87.618307,
              41.866139
            ],
            [
              -87.617407,
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            ],
            [
              -87.617399,
              41.865799
            ],
            [
              -87.61807,
              41.865789
            ],
            [
              -87.61807,
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            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "3e9f198afe6d7dff01ac81c6eaa511fb"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "West Arch",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 30,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.617424,
              41.86667
            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "402706f28b793d27c78d9615fff747f2"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Bird Exhibit",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.618312,
              41.866283
            ],
            [
              -87.61797,
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            ],
            [
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            ],
            [
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            ],
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            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "43e1e2fc8399dee075ad59764f2a2878"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "name": "Arch",
        "level": 1,
        "color": "grey",
        "base_height": 30,
        "height": 40
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.617971,
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "4528ad9b9264cbec65bb2e55ac0012c1"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "color": "grey",
        "base_height": 30,
        "height": 40,
        "name": "Arch"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.617979,
              41.866167
            ],
            [
              -87.617797,
              41.866168
            ],
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            ],
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              41.866144
            ],
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            ]
          ]
        ],
        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "4be6817c3b595042c8d971eebd0c4fd3"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "name": "Kids Zone",
        "level": 1,
        "base_height": 0,
        "height": 0,
        "color": "green"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
          [
            [
              -87.616718,
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ]
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        "type": "Polygon"
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      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "color": "grey",
        "name": "Arch",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 30
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ],
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            ]
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        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "598832b1512dc9facc855c5367251531"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Arch",
        "color": "grey",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 30
      },
      "geometry": {
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    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
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        "color": "grey",
        "name": "center_arch",
        "base_height": 30,
        "height": 40
      },
      "geometry": {
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            ],
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            ],
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        "type": "Polygon"
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      "id": "67f8952a18dfe21ee0744a3e86bc41d8"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Kids Zone",
        "height": 0,
        "base_height": 40,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "coordinates": [
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            [
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        "type": "Polygon"
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      "id": "6bb2c92386bcf4678113d6b3e400ae3b"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Under the Earth",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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            ],
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        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "844c87987089df6b9db3923f6a00e4d6"
    },
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      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
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        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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        "type": "Polygon"
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      "id": "85547a1ecdbd2ca1fdc6324aea3c6b70"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "North Entrance",
        "height": 0,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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        "type": "Polygon"
      },
      "id": "91ab1ee01729c33568c7b57eb258e699"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
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        "name": "Ancient Egypt",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
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        "name": "Ancient Egypt",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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      },
      "id": "a37230898905988cab9b72927dc99258"
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "name": "West Hallway",
        "level": 1,
        "base_height": 0,
        "height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "Kids Zone",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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    {
      "type": "Feature",
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        "name": "South Entrance",
        "height": 0,
        "base_height": 0,
        "color": "teal"
      },
      "geometry": {
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      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "level": 1,
        "name": "East Arch",
        "height": 40,
        "base_height": 30,
        "color": "grey"
      },
      "geometry": {
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