Java JDK新特性探究-精简的JRE

 

 

java8有个很好的特性，即JEP161(http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/161 ),该特性定义了Java SE平台规范的一些子集，使java应用程序不需要整个JRE平台即可部署和运行在小型设备上。开发人员可以基于目标硬件的可用资源选择一个合适的JRE运行环境。

好处

 

1.更小的Java环境需要更少的计算资源。

2.一个较小的运行时环境可以更好的优化性能和启动时间。

3.消除未使用的代码从安全的角度总是好的。

4.这些打包的应用程序可以下载速度更快。

概念

紧凑的JRE分3种，分别是compact1、compact2、compact3，他们的关系是compact1<compact2<compact3,他们包含的API如下图所示

使用javac根据profile编译应用程序

 

javac –bootclasspath, or javac –profile <profile> 

 

如果不符合compact的api，则报错。

$ javac -profile compact2 Test.java
Test.java:7: error: ThreadMXBean is not available in profile 'compact2'
 ThreadMXBean bean = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean();
 ^
Test.java:7: error: ManagementFactory is not available in profile 'compact2'
 ThreadMXBean bean = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean();
                     ^
2 errors

 

使用工具开发的效果

JPEDS工具使用

java8新增一个工具，用来分析应用程序所依赖的profile，有三个参数比较常用 -p，-v，-r

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class Deps {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(Math.random());
    Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
  }
}

 

************** PROFILE ********************
jdeps -P Deps.class 
Deps.class -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar
   <unnamed> (Deps.class)
      -> java.io                                            compact1
      -> java.lang                                          compact1
      -> java.util                                          compact1

************** VERBOSE ********************
jdeps -v Deps.class 
Deps.class -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar
   Deps (Deps.class)
      -> java.io.PrintStream                                
      -> java.lang.Math                                     
      -> java.lang.Object                                   
      -> java.lang.String                                   
      -> java.lang.System                                   
      -> java.util.HashSet  

************** RECURSIVE ********************
jdeps -R Deps.class 
Deps.class -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar
   <unnamed> (Deps.class)
      -> java.io                                            
      -> java.lang                                          
      -> java.util                                          
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar
   javax.crypto (jce.jar)
      -> java.io                                            
      -> java.lang                                          
      -> java.lang.reflect                                  
      -> java.net                                           
      -> java.nio                                           
      -> java.security                                      
      -> java.security.cert                                 
      -> java.security.spec                                 
      -> java.util                                          
      -> java.util.concurrent                               
      -> java.util.jar                                      
      -> java.util.regex                                    
      -> java.util.zip                                      
      -> javax.security.auth                                
      -> sun.security.jca                                   JDK internal API (rt.jar)
      -> sun.security.util                                  JDK internal API (rt.jar)
      -> sun.security.validator                             JDK internal API (rt.jar)
   javax.crypto.interfaces (jce.jar)
      -> java.lang                                          
      -> java.math                                          
      -> java.security                                      
   javax.crypto.spec (jce.jar)
      -> java.lang                                          
      -> java.math                                          
      -> java.security.spec                                 
      -> java.util                                          
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar
   java.security (rt.jar)
      -> javax.crypto                                       JDK internal API (jce.jar)
   sun.security.util (rt.jar)
      -> javax.crypto                                       JDK internal API (jce.jar)
      -> javax.crypto.interfaces                            JDK internal API (jce.jar)
      -> javax.crypto.spec                                  JDK internal API (jce.jar)

 

在linux上构建profile

$ hg clone http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8/jdk8/
$ cd jdk8
$ make images profiles : 
## Finished profiles (build time 00:00:27)
----- Build times -------
Start 2013-03-17 14:47:35
End 2013-03-17 14:58:26
00:00:25 corba
00:00:15 demos
00:01:50 hotspot
00:00:24 images
00:00:21 jaxp
00:00:31 jaxws
00:05:37 jdk
00:00:43 langtools
00:00:18 nashorn
00:00:27 profiles
00:10:51 TOTAL
-------------------------
Finished building Java(TM) for target 'images profiles'
$ cd images
$ ls -d *image
j2re-compact1-image j2re-compact2-image j2re-compact3-image j2re-image j2sdk-image

 

编译后compact大致的占用空间