springcloud之zuul网关学习

本文介绍了SpringCloud中Zuul网关的作用,如权限控制、负载均衡和接口监控,并详细阐述了工程结构,包括不同子项目的角色。通过启动Nacos、Zuul、member和order服务,演示了如何通过Zuul网关访问和测试微服务接口。
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1、网关的作用

网关可以拦截客户端所有请求,对该请求进行权限控制,负载均衡、日志管理、接口调用监控等操作。
微服务网关建议可以用nginx+zuul共同实现

2、工程结构

注册中心用nacos,参考nacos学习笔记

springcloud-2.0-zuul          ----网关中心
springcloud-2.0-zuul-member   ----会员中心
├── springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-api
├── springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-service
├── pom.xml
springcloud-2.0-zuul-order    ----订单中心
├── springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-api
├── springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-service
├── pom.xml

3、代码工程

3.1 springcloud-2.0-zuul

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.mine</groupId>
	<artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
		<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud nacos 注冊中心 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud nacos 配置中心 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

bootstrap.properties

server.port=80

spring.application.name=zuul-server

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848

spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
#spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=yml
#spring.cloud.nacos.config.group=dev-group
spring.cloud.nacos.config.shared-dataids=common.properties

zuul.routes.app-member.path=/member/**
zuul.routes.app-member.serviceId=app-member

zuul.routes.app-order.path=/order/**
zuul.routes.app-order.serviceId=app-order

AppZuul

package com.mine;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class AppZuul {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(AppZuul.class, args);
	}

}

3.2 springcloud-2.0-zuul-member

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mine</groupId>
  <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <modules>
  	<module>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-api</module>
  	<module>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-service</module>
  </modules>

  <parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
		<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud nacos 注冊中心 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud nacos 配置中心 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud openfeign -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud netflix hystrix -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>
3.2.1 springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-api

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.mine</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-api</artifactId>
</project>

MemberModel

package com.mine.service.model;


import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class MemberModel {
	public String name;

	public Integer age;
}

MemberService

package com.mine.service;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import com.mine.service.model.MemberModel;

public interface MemberService {
	@RequestMapping("/getMember")
	public MemberModel getMember(@RequestParam("name") String name);

	@RequestMapping("/index")
	public String index();
}
3.2.2 springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-service

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.mine</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-service</artifactId>

  <dependencies>
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>com.mine</groupId>
  		<artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-api</artifactId>
  		<version>${project.version}</version>
  	</dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

bootstrap.properties

server.port=8000

spring.application.name=app-member

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848

spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
#spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=yml
#spring.cloud.nacos.config.group=dev-group
spring.cloud.nacos.config.shared-dataids=common.properties

ribbon.ReadTimeout=3000
ribbon.ConnectTimeout=3000

feign.hystrix.enabled=true

hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=3000

MemberServiceImpl

package com.mine.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.mine.service.MemberService;
import com.mine.service.model.MemberModel;

@RestController
public class MemberServiceImpl implements MemberService {
	@Value("${server.port}")
	private String port;

	@RequestMapping("/getMember")
	public MemberModel getMember(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
		System.out.println("i am from " + port);
		MemberModel memberModel = new MemberModel();
		memberModel.setName(name);
		memberModel.setAge(10);
		return memberModel;
	}

	public String index() {
		return "我是会员服务:" + port;
	}

}

AppMember

package com.mine;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class AppMember {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(AppMember.class, args);
	}

}

3.3 springcloud-2.0-zuul-order

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mine</groupId>
  <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <modules>
  	<module>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-api</module>
  	<module>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-service</module>
  </modules>

  <parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
		<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud nacos 注冊中心 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud nacos 配置中心 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud openfeign -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringCloud netflix hystrix -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>
3.3.1 springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-api

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.mine</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-api</artifactId>
</project>

OrderService

package com.mine.service;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

public interface OrderService {
	@RequestMapping("/gerMemberFromOrder")
	public String gerMemberFromOrder(@RequestParam("name") String name);

	@RequestMapping("/index")
	public String index();
}
3.3.2 springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-service

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>com.mine</groupId>
		<artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>
	<artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-service</artifactId>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.mine</groupId>
			<artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-member-api</artifactId>
			<version>${project.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.mine</groupId>
			<artifactId>springcloud-2.0-zuul-order-api</artifactId>
			<version>${project.version}</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

bootstrap.properties

server.port=8010

spring.application.name=app-order

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848

spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
#spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=yml
#spring.cloud.nacos.config.group=dev-group
spring.cloud.nacos.config.shared-dataids=common.properties

ribbon.ReadTimeout=3000
ribbon.ConnectTimeout=3000

feign.hystrix.enabled=true

hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=3000

MemberServiceFeignFallback

package com.mine.service.feign.member.fallback;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.mine.service.feign.member.MemberServiceFeign;
import com.mine.service.model.MemberModel;

@Service
public class MemberServiceFeignFallback implements MemberServiceFeign {

	public MemberModel getMember(String name) {
		System.out.println("getMember:线程池名称为" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
		MemberModel memberModel = new MemberModel();
		memberModel.setName("admin");
		memberModel.setAge(100);
		return memberModel;
	}

	public String index() {
		return "默认返回";
	}

}

MemberServiceFeign

package com.mine.service.feign.member;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;

import com.mine.service.MemberService;
import com.mine.service.feign.member.fallback.MemberServiceFeignFallback;

@FeignClient(value = "app-member", fallback = MemberServiceFeignFallback.class)
public interface MemberServiceFeign extends MemberService {

}

OrderServiceImpl

package com.mine.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.mine.service.OrderService;
import com.mine.service.feign.member.MemberServiceFeign;

@RestController
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
	@Value("${server.port}")
	private String port;

	@Autowired
	private MemberServiceFeign memberServiceFeign;

	@RequestMapping("/gerMemberFromOrder")
	public String gerMemberFromOrder(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
		System.out.println("gerMemberFromOrder:线程池名称为" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
		return memberServiceFeign.getMember(name).toString();
	}

	@RequestMapping("/index")
	public String index() {
		return "我是订单服务:" + port;
	}
}

AppOrder

package com.mine;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class AppOrder {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class, args);
	}

}

4、启动

1、启动nacos、zuul、member、order服务
2、访问下面地址,能正常返回结果即可
http://localhost/member/index
http://localhost/order/index
http://localhost/order/gerMemberFromOrder?name=张三

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