1.忘记 root 密码
忘记 root 密码的场景还是比较常见的,特别是自己搭的测试环境经过好久没用过时,很容易记不得当时设置的密码。这个时候一般常用的方法是跳过权限验证,然后更改 root 密码,之后再启用权限验证。以 MySQL 5.7 版本为例简单讲下主要过程:
首先修改配置文件,在[mysqld]部分加上一句:skip-grant-tables ,加上此参数的目的是跳过权限验证。然后重启数据库,数据库再次启动后,我们就可以不用密码直接登录数据库修改密码了。
# skip-grant-tables 模式下修改root密码 [root@host ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 16 Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string = password ('xxxxxx') where user = 'root' and host = 'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
修改完 root 密码后,再次去除 skip-grant-tables 参数,然后重启下数据库即可。
2.几种修改密码的方法
除去忘记密码,可能还有其他情景需要修改密码,这时候就可以采取普通方式修改密码了。还是以 MySQL 5.7 版本为例,介绍几种常用的修改密码的方法。
使用 alter user 修改
比如如果想更改 testuser 账号的密码,我们可以使用 root 账号登录,然后执行 alter user 命令更改 testuser 账号的密码。
mysql> alter user 'testuser'@'%' identified by 'Password1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 SET PASSWORD 命令
使用 SET PASSWORD 修改密码命令格式为 SET PASSWORD FOR 'username'@'host' = PASSWORD('newpass'); 同样是使用 root 账号可修改其他账号的密码。
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'testuser'@'%' = PASSWORD('Password2'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 mysqladmin 修改密码
使用 mysqladmin 命令修改账号密码格式为 mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码
[root@host ~]# mysqladmin -utestuser -pPassword2 password Password3 mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety. [root@host ~]# mysql -utestuser -pPassword3 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2388 Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
直接 update user 表
其实 MySQL 所以的账号信息都存储在 mysql.user 表里面,我们也可以直接通过 update user 表来修改密码。
# 5.7及之后版本 mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string = password ('Password4') where user = 'testuser' and host = '%'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 5.6及之前版本 update mysql.user set password=password('新密码') where user='用户名' and host='host';
3.设置 login-path 本地快捷登陆
为了防止密码暴露及忘记密码,我们还可以设置 login-path 来实现在本地不输密码快捷登录。
login-path 是 MySQL 5.6 开始支持的新特性。通过借助 mysql_config_editor 工具将登陆 MySQL 服务的认证信息加密保存在 .mylogin.cnf 文件(默认位于用户主目录)。MySQL 客户端工具可通过读取该加密文件连接 MySQL ,实现快捷登录。
假设我们想配置 root 账号在本地快捷登录,可以这么做:
# 执行回车后需要输入一次root密码 [root@host ~]# mysql_config_editor set --login-path=root -uroot -hlocalhost -p -P3306 Enter password: # 配置完成后可以使用login-path登录 [root@host ~]# mysql --login-path=root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2919 Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>