K8S kubectl命令总结

1. 创建 Pod

# kubectl run
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --port=80

kubectl run -it busybox --rm=true --image=busybox:1.28.4 -- /bin/sh

2. 暴露端口

# kubectl expose
kubectl expose pod nginx --type=NodePort --port=8000 --target-port=80

Port configurations for Kubernetes Services：

• Port: The port of this service
• TargetPort: The target port on the pod(s) to forward traffic to
• NodePort: The port on the node where external traffic will come in on

3. 注释

# kubectl annotate
kubectl annotate pod nginx created_at='2021-10-21 17:32:19'
kubectl annotate pod nginx created_at='2021-10-22 10:21:56' --overwrite 

4. 标签

# label
kubectl label pod nginx unhealthy=true
kubectl label pod nginx unhealthy=false --overwrite 

5. 水平自动伸缩

kubectl autoscale deployment foo --min=2 --max=10
kubectl autoscale rc foo --max=5 --cpu-percent=80

6. 创建资源

# namespace
kubectl create namespace ns1

# role
kubectl create role admin --verb=get,list,watch --resource=pods,pods/status

# rolebinding
kubectl create rolebinding admin --clusterrole=admin --user=user1 --user=user2 --group=group1

# clusterrole
kubectl create clusterrole foo --verb=get,list,watch --resource=pods,pods/status

# clusterrolebinding
kubectl create clusterrolebinding foo --clusterrole=foo --user=user1 --user=user2 --group=group1

# configmap
kubectl create configmap config1 --from-literal=key1=value1 --from-literal=key2=value2

kubectl create configmap config2 --from-file=config.txt
kubectl get configmap config2 -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  config.txt: |
    a=1
    b=2
    c=3
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2021-10-21T11:24:50Z"
  name: config2
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "897826"
  uid: a5be5173-5315-40dc-b65a-937d83d2bc04
  
# deployment
kubectl create deployment nginx-deploy --image=nginx --replicas=5 --port=80

# quota
kubectl create quota my-quota --hard=cpu=1,memory=1G,pods=2,services=3,replicationcontrollers=2,resourcequotas=1,secrets=5,persistentvolumeclaims=10

# service
kubectl create service clusterip svc1 --tcp=5678:8080
kubectl create service clusterip svc2 --clusterip="None"
kubectl create service externalname svc3 --external-name bar.com
kubectl create service loadbalancer svc4 --tcp=5678:8080
kubectl create service nodeport svc5 --tcp=5678:8080

# serviceaccount
kubectl create serviceaccount my-service-account

# secret 
kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --cert=path/to/tls.cert --key=path/to/tls.key
kubectl create secret generic my-secret --from-file=ssh-privatekey=~/.ssh/id_rsa --from-file=ssh-publickey=~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
kubectl create secret docker-registry my-secret --docker-server=DOCKER_REGISTRY_SERVER --docker-username=DOCKER_USER --docker-password=DOCKER_PASSWORD --docker-email=DOCKER_EMAIL

7. 更新资源字段

# kubectl patch
kubectl patch node k8s-node01 -p '{"spec":{"unschedulable":true}}'

kubectl patch pod nginx -p '{"spec":{"containers":[{"name":"nginx","image":"nginx:1.21.3"}]}}'

8. 滚动升级

# kubectl rollout
kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deploy

kubectl rollout pause deployment/nginx-deploy   # 暂停更新
kubectl rollout resume deployment/nginx-deploy  # 恢复更新

kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deploy

kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deploy

9. 调整副本数

kubectl scale --replicas=10 deployment/nginx-deploy

10. 资源设置

# 设置资源限制
kubectl set resources deployment nginx-deploy --limits=cpu=200m,memory=512Mi --requests=cpu=100m,memory=256Mi


# 设置镜像
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deploy nginx=nginx:1.21.3

11. 命令表

Operation	Syntax	Description
alpha	kubectl alpha SUBCOMMAND [flags]	List the available commands that correspond to alpha features, which are not enabled in Kubernetes clusters by default.
annotate	kubectl annotate (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) KEY_1=VAL_1 ... KEY_N=VAL_N [--overwrite] [--all] [--resource-version=version] [flags]	Add or update the annotations of one or more resources.
api-resources	kubectl api-resources [flags]	List the API resources that are available.
api-versions	kubectl api-versions [flags]	List the API versions that are available.
apply	kubectl apply -f FILENAME [flags]	Apply a configuration change to a resource from a file or stdin.
attach	kubectl attach POD -c CONTAINER [-i] [-t] [flags]	Attach to a running container either to view the output stream or interact with the container (stdin).
auth	kubectl auth [flags] [options]	Inspect authorization.
autoscale	kubectl autoscale (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) [--min=MINPODS] --max=MAXPODS [--cpu-percent=CPU] [flags]	Automatically scale the set of pods that are managed by a replication controller.
certificate	kubectl certificate SUBCOMMAND [options]	Modify certificate resources.
cluster-info	kubectl cluster-info [flags]	Display endpoint information about the master and services in the cluster.
completion	kubectl completion SHELL [options]	Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh).
config	kubectl config SUBCOMMAND [flags]	Modifies kubeconfig files. See the individual subcommands for details.
convert	kubectl convert -f FILENAME [options]	Convert config files between different API versions. Both YAML and JSON formats are accepted. Note - requires kubectl-convert plugin to be installed.
cordon	kubectl cordon NODE [options]	Mark node as unschedulable.
cp	kubectl cp <file-spec-src> <file-spec-dest> [options]	Copy files and directories to and from containers.
create	kubectl create -f FILENAME [flags]	Create one or more resources from a file or stdin.
delete	kubectl delete (-f FILENAME | TYPE [NAME | /NAME | -l label | --all]) [flags]	Delete resources either from a file, stdin, or specifying label selectors, names, resource selectors, or resources.
describe	kubectl describe (-f FILENAME | TYPE [NAME_PREFIX | /NAME | -l label]) [flags]	Display the detailed state of one or more resources.
diff	kubectl diff -f FILENAME [flags]	Diff file or stdin against live configuration.
drain	kubectl drain NODE [options]	Drain node in preparation for maintenance.
edit	kubectl edit (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) [flags]	Edit and update the definition of one or more resources on the server by using the default editor.
exec	kubectl exec POD [-c CONTAINER] [-i] [-t] [flags] [-- COMMAND [args...]]	Execute a command against a container in a pod.
explain	kubectl explain [--recursive=false] [flags]	Get documentation of various resources. For instance pods, nodes, services, etc.
expose	kubectl expose (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) [--port=port] [--protocol=TCP|UDP] [--target-port=number-or-name] [--name=name] [--external-ip=external-ip-of-service] [--type=type] [flags]	Expose a replication controller, service, or pod as a new Kubernetes service.
get	kubectl get (-f FILENAME | TYPE [NAME | /NAME | -l label]) [--watch] [--sort-by=FIELD] [[-o | --output]=OUTPUT_FORMAT] [flags]	List one or more resources.
kustomize	kubectl kustomize <dir> [flags] [options]	List a set of API resources generated from instructions in a kustomization.yaml file. The argument must be the path to the directory containing the file, or a git repository URL with a path suffix specifying same with respect to the repository root.
label	kubectl label (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) KEY_1=VAL_1 ... KEY_N=VAL_N [--overwrite] [--all] [--resource-version=version] [flags]	Add or update the labels of one or more resources.
logs	kubectl logs POD [-c CONTAINER] [--follow] [flags]	Print the logs for a container in a pod.
options	kubectl options	List of global command-line options, which apply to all commands.
patch	kubectl patch (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) --patch PATCH [flags]	Update one or more fields of a resource by using the strategic merge patch process.
plugin	kubectl plugin [flags] [options]	Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
port-forward	kubectl port-forward POD [LOCAL_PORT:]REMOTE_PORT [...[LOCAL_PORT_N:]REMOTE_PORT_N] [flags]	Forward one or more local ports to a pod.
proxy	kubectl proxy [--port=PORT] [--www=static-dir] [--www-prefix=prefix] [--api-prefix=prefix] [flags]	Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server.
replace	kubectl replace -f FILENAME	Replace a resource from a file or stdin.
rollout	kubectl rollout SUBCOMMAND [options]	Manage the rollout of a resource. Valid resource types include: deployments, daemonsets and statefulsets.
run	kubectl run NAME --image=image [--env="key=value"] [--port=port] [--dry-run=server|client|none] [--overrides=inline-json] [flags]	Run a specified image on the cluster.
scale	kubectl scale (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) --replicas=COUNT [--resource-version=version] [--current-replicas=count] [flags]	Update the size of the specified replication controller.
set	kubectl set SUBCOMMAND [options]	Configure application resources.
taint	kubectl taint NODE NAME KEY_1=VAL_1:TAINT_EFFECT_1 ... KEY_N=VAL_N:TAINT_EFFECT_N [options]	Update the taints on one or more nodes.
top	kubectl top [flags] [options]	Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
uncordon	kubectl uncordon NODE [options]	Mark node as schedulable.
version	kubectl version [--client] [flags]	Display the Kubernetes version running on the client and server.
wait	kubectl wait ([-f FILENAME] | resource.group/resource.name | resource.group [(-l label | --all)]) [--for=delete|--for condition=available] [options]	Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.

参考文档：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/#operations