通配符与元字符

1. wildcard

*
?
[c1-c2]
[!c1-c2]
{str1,str2,...,strN}

2. Meta

IFS <space>, <tab>, <enter>
CR  <enter>
=
$
>   stdout redirect
<   stdin redirect
|
&   redirect to file descriptor; run a program in background
()  nested sub-shell
{}  non-named function
;
&&
||
!

colon(:), null command
: ${username=`whoami`}
echo $username
root

~  Home directory
~+ Current working directory ($PWD)
~- Previous working directory ($OLDPWD)