Android优化系列——控件优化(ListView 异步加载图片优化,SoftReference)

整理来自Android优化技术详解一书

ListView控件优化

网络上有很多关于ListView优化的博文，这里就不详细讲述了

• 重写getView方法中，if语句判断convertView是否为空，如果不为空，调用getTag()方法

ViewHolder holder;
if(convertView == null){
//这里初始化holder类中变量
...
convertView.setTag(holder);
}else{
    holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}

• 创建内部类ViewHolder

static class ViewHolder{
    TextView text1;
    ...
}

以上代码同样适用于重写Adapter。

ListView 异步加载图片优化

• 主要方法

package cn.xxx.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;

public class AsyncImageLoader {

     private HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache;

         public AsyncImageLoader() {
             imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
         }

         public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback imageCallback) {
             if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
                 //SoftReference 是软引用,具体介绍在后面
                 SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
                 Drawable drawable = softReference.get();
                 if (drawable != null) {
                     return drawable;
                 }
             }
             final Handler handler = new Handler() {
                 public void handleMessage(Message message) {
                     imageCallback.imageLoaded((Drawable) message.obj, imageUrl);
                 }
             };
             new Thread() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
                     imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
                     Message message = handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable);
                     handler.sendMessage(message);
                 }
             }.start();
             return null;
         }

        public static Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String url) {
            URL m;
            InputStream i = null;
            try {
                m = new URL(url);
                i = (InputStream) m.getContent();
            } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(i, "src");
            return d;
        }
          //这里是一个回调接口，imageLoaded方法在后面的代码中实现
         public interface ImageCallback {
             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl);
         }

}

上述代码是实现异步获取图片的主方法，SoftReference 是软引用，目的是更好的实现系统回收变量，重复的URL直接返回已有的资源，实现回调函数，让数据成功后，更新到UI线程。
SoftReference的特点是它的一个实例保存对一个Java对象的软引用，该软引用的存在不妨碍垃圾收集线程对该Java对象的回收。也就是说，一旦SoftReference保存了对一个Java对象的软引用后，在垃圾线程对这个Java对象回收前，SoftReference类所提供的get()方法返回Java对象的强引用。另外，一旦垃圾线程回收该Java对象之后，get()方法将返回null。
SoftReferences 只有在 jvm Out Of Memory 之前才会被回收, 所以它非常适合缓存应用。

• 辅助类文件ImageAndText，类似持久化类

package cn.xxx.test;

public class ImageAndText {
        private String imageUrl;
        private String text;

        public ImageAndText(String imageUrl, String text) {
            this.imageUrl = imageUrl;
            this.text = text;
        }
        public String getImageUrl() {
            return imageUrl;
        }
        public String getText() {
            return text;
        }
}

• 辅助类文件ViewCache，用途类似ViewHolder。

package cn.xxx.test;

import cn.xxx.test.R;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ViewCache {

        private View baseView;
        private TextView textView;
        private ImageView imageView;

        public ViewCache(View baseView) {
            this.baseView = baseView;
        }

        public TextView getTextView() {
            if (textView == null) {
                textView = (TextView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.text);
            }
            return textView;
        }

        public ImageView getImageView() {
            if (imageView == null) {
                imageView = (ImageView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.image);
            }
            return imageView;
        }

}

• 实现ListView的Adapter类

package cn.xxx.test;

import java.util.List;

import cn.xxx.test.R;
import cn.xxx.test.AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ImageAndTextListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<ImageAndText> {

        private ListView listView;
        private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader;

        public ImageAndTextListAdapter(Activity activity, List<ImageAndText> imageAndTexts, ListView 

listView) {
            super(activity, 0, imageAndTexts);
            this.listView = listView;
            asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
        }

        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            Activity activity = (Activity) getContext();

            // Inflate the views from XML
            View rowView = convertView;
            ViewCache viewCache;
            if (rowView == null) {
                LayoutInflater inflater = activity.getLayoutInflater();
                rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.image_and_text_row, null);
                viewCache = new ViewCache(rowView);
                rowView.setTag(viewCache);
            } else {
                viewCache = (ViewCache) rowView.getTag();
            }
            ImageAndText imageAndText = getItem(position);

            // Load the image and set it on the ImageView
            String imageUrl = imageAndText.getImageUrl();
            ImageView imageView = viewCache.getImageView();
            imageView.setTag(imageUrl);
            //这里是最关键的回调函数的使用，当线程加载完图片时，通知handler调用回调函数，回调函数再调用以下代码
            Drawable cachedImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(imageUrl, new ImageCallback() {
                public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl) {
                    ImageView imageViewByTag = (ImageView) listView.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);
                    if (imageViewByTag != null) {
                        imageViewByTag.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
                    }
                }
            });
            if (cachedImage == null) {
                imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.default_image);
            }else{
                imageView.setImageDrawable(cachedImage);
            }
            // Set the text on the TextView
            TextView textView = viewCache.getTextView();
            textView.setText(imageAndText.getText());

            return rowView;
        }

}