java学习笔记：多线程代码示例

Question: 编写多线程程序有几种实现方式？
答：Java 5以前实现多线程有两种实现方法：一种是继承Thread类；另一种是实现Runnable
接口。两种方式都要通过重写run()方法来定义线程的行为，推荐使用后者，因为Java中的继承是
单继承，一个类有一个父类，如果继承了Thread类就无法再继承其他类了，显然使用Runnable接
口更为灵活。
补充：Java 5以后创建线程还有第三种方式：实现Callable接口，该接口中的call方法可以在线
程执行结束时产生一个返回值。（展开知识，详见  标题：深入学习java源码之Callable.call()与Future.get()  链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35029061/article/details/86750369   我已经转帖到自己的blog里了。）

代码示例一：

package com.study.javastudy;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class MyTask implements Callable<Integer> {
    private int upperBounds;
    public MyTask(int upperBounds) {
        this.upperBounds = upperBounds;
    }
    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("in method call()...");
        int sum = 0;
        for(int i = 1; i <= upperBounds; i++) {
            sum += i;
        }
        return sum;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        List<Future<Integer>> list = new ArrayList<>();
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            list.add(service.submit(new MyTask((int) (Math.random() * 100))));
        }
        int sum = 0;
        for(Future<Integer> future : list) {
            while(!future.isDone()) ;
            sum += future.get();
        }
        System.out.println(sum);
    }
}

代码示例二：

package com.study.javastudy.multithreads;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class ConcurrentCalculator {

    private ExecutorService exec;
    private int cpuCoreNumber;
    private List<Future<Long>> tasks = new ArrayList<Future<Long>>();

    // 内部类
    class SumCalculator implements Callable<Long> {
        private int[] numbers;
        private int start;
        private int end;

        public SumCalculator(final int[] numbers, int start, int end) {
            this.numbers = numbers;
            this.start = start;
            this.end = end;
        }

        public Long call() throws Exception {
            Long sum = 0l;
            for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
                sum += numbers[i];
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }

    public ConcurrentCalculator() {
        cpuCoreNumber = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
        exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(cpuCoreNumber);
    }

    public Long sum(final int[] numbers) {
        // 根据CPU核心个数拆分任务，创建FutureTask并提交到Executor
        for (int i = 0; i < cpuCoreNumber; i++) {
            int increment = numbers.length / cpuCoreNumber + 1;
            int start = increment * i;
            int end = increment * i + increment;
            if (end > numbers.length)
                end = numbers.length;
            SumCalculator subCalc = new SumCalculator(numbers, start, end);
            FutureTask<Long> task = new FutureTask<Long>(subCalc);
            tasks.add(task);
            if (!exec.isShutdown()) {
                exec.submit(task);
            }
        }
        return getResult();
    }

    /**
     * 迭代每个子任务，获得部分和，相加返回
     *
     * @return
     */
    public Long getResult() {
        Long result = 0l;
        for (Future<Long> task : tasks) {
            try {
                // 如果计算未完成则阻塞
                Long subSum = task.get();
                result += subSum;
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    public void close() {
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 };
        ConcurrentCalculator calc = new ConcurrentCalculator();
        Long sum = calc.sum(numbers);
        System.out.println(sum);
        calc.close();
    }
}