一、打电话小案例
1、布局文件
在布局页面添加EditText和Button组件可能会遇到如下问题:This view is not constrained. It only has designtime positions, so it will jump to (0,0) at runtime unless you add the constraints
解决方法如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="请输入电话号码!"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.185"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.058" />
<!--输入框-->
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="28dp"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="在这里输入电话号码"
android:inputType="textPersonName"
android:text="Name"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.287"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginStart="72dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="72dp"
android:layout_marginTop="160dp"
android:text="拨打电话"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
2、MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private EditText editText;
/**
* Activity创建的时候调用这个方法,
* @param savedInstanceState
*/
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
/**
* 调用setContentView填充UI
*/
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
editText = findViewById(R.id.editText);//ctrl + alt + f把局部变量转为成员变量
Button button = findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new MyOnClickListener());//监听点击事件
}
//内部类:点击按钮之后
private class MyOnClickListener implements View.OnClickListener{
private String s;
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
s = editText.getText().toString();//获取输入框文本
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(s)){//没有输入
/**
* Toast:文本提示
*
* 第一个参数:应用环境,Activity是Context的子类
* 第二个参数:文本提示内容
* 第三个参数:提示的时间长短
*/
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"电话号码不能为空",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else {//打电话
Intent intent = new Intent();//意图Intent:在多个Activity间进行通讯
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_CALL);//给意图设置动作
Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:"+s);//把字符串解析为uri
intent.setData(data);//给意图设置数据,参数是Uri
startActivity(intent);//启动意图
}
}
}
}
3、添加权限
拨打电话需要在AndroidManifest中添加如下权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/>
4、运行报错
java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.action.CALL dat=tel:xxx cmp=com.android.server.telecom/.components.UserCallActivity } from ProcessRecord{71326d3 14234:com.example.myapplication/u0a134} (pid=14234, uid=10134) with revoked permission android.permission.CALL_PHONE
详细错误
Process: com.example.myapplication, PID: 14234
java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.action.CALL dat=tel:xxx cmp=com.android.server.telecom/.components.UserCallActivity } from ProcessRecord{71326d3 14234:com.example.myapplication/u0a134} (pid=14234, uid=10134) with revoked permission android.permission.CALL_PHONE
at android.os.Parcel.createException(Parcel.java:2071)
at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:2039)
at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1987)
at android.app.IActivityTaskManager$Stub$Proxy.startActivity(IActivityTaskManager.java:3851)
at android.app.Instrumentation.execStartActivity(Instrumentation.java:1705)
at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:5192)
at androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.startActivityForResult(FragmentActivity.java:676)
at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:5150)
at androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.startActivityForResult(FragmentActivity.java:663)
at android.app.Activity.startActivity(Activity.java:5521)
at android.app.Activity.startActivity(Activity.java:5489)
at com.example.myapplication.MainActivity$MyOnClickListener.onClick(MainActivity.java:54)
at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:7125)
at android.view.View.performClickInternal(View.java:7102)
at android.view.View.access$3500(View.java:801)
at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:27336)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7356)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:930)
Caused by: android.os.RemoteException: Remote stack trace:
at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStackSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPermission(ActivityStackSupervisor.java:1043)
at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.startActivity(ActivityStarter.java:760)
at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.startActivity(ActivityStarter.java:583)
at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(ActivityStarter.java:1288)
at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.execute(ActivityStarter.java:514)
5、解决错误
-
思路:报错权限被拒绝,可明明已经开启权限,因此改变Intent的动作,看是Intent有问题还是打电话这个动作有问题
-
修改代码
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);//到拨打电话的界面
-
运行发现能到拨打电话的界面,看了很多博客之后发现Android9要动态授权,继续修改代码,程序正常运行
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private EditText editText; /** * Activity创建的时候调用这个方法, * @param savedInstanceState */ @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); /** * 调用setContentView填充UI */ setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); editText = findViewById(R.id.editText);//ctrl + alt + f把局部变量转为成员变量 Button button = findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(new MyOnClickListener()); } //内部类:点击按钮之后 private class MyOnClickListener implements View.OnClickListener{ private String s; @Override public void onClick(View v) { s = editText.getText().toString();//获取输入框文本 if (TextUtils.isEmpty(s)){//没有输入 /** * Toast:文本提示 * * 第一个参数:应用环境,Activity是Context的子类 * 第二个参数:文本提示内容 * 第三个参数:提示的时间长短 */ Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"电话号码不能为空",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }else {//打电话 /** * ContextCompat:帮助访问Context * checkSelfPermission方法:检查是否授予特定的权限 */ if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ callPhoneIntent(); }else { /** * ActivityCompat:帮助访问Activity,是ContextCompat的子类 */ ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE},1); callPhoneIntent(); } } } private void callPhoneIntent() { Intent intent = new Intent();//意图Intent:在多个Activity间进行通讯 intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_CALL);//给意图设置动作 Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:"+s);//把字符串解析为uri intent.setData(data);//给意图设置数据,参数是Uri startActivity(intent);//启动意图 } } }