MVC演化、理解

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-27 15:46:48 发布

Empyan

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-27 15:46:48 发布

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分类专栏： MVC 设计模式文章标签： MVC 反射

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/empyan/article/details/54933908

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我们先不解释什么叫MVC，针对项目中的问题，解决推进慢慢把项目改进发展成MVC来理解它。

无论是jsp中嵌入java代码，或者servlet内嵌html都会使代码混乱，不便分工合作和后期开发。我们现在让jsp只负责显示，而代码控制给servlet负责，就是处理请求交给servlet，这样我们就把项目的显示和控制分离开来。

以用户注册作为例子，首先要有页面register.jsp输入用户信息，因为jsp只负责显示，所以前面要有一个servlet(register.do)控制跳转到register.jsp页面，然后视图提交给另一个servlet(user_add.do)进行用户添加，再跳转到用户列表(user_list.jsp)页面，同样要用servlet(user_list.do)控制。（如果没有user_list.do，让user_add.do把user_list.do做的事给做了，除了职责不单一，还会有重复提交的隐患另作处理，如果不用服务器端跳转用客户端跳转，如果把jsp文件放在WEB-INF是找不到的），即

register.do--------forword()------>register.jsp------------submit()-------->user_add.do-------------redirect()------>user_list.do---------forword()------>user_list.jsp

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>UserRegister</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.yan.mvc.servlet.UserRegister</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UserRegister</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/register.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>UserAdd</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.yan.mvc.servlet.UserAdd</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UserAdd</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/user_add.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
   <servlet>
    <servlet-name>UserList</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.yan.mvc.servlet.UserList</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UserList</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/user_list.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


public class UserRegister extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
   
    public UserRegister() {
        super();
       
    }

	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/register.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user_add.do" method="post">
<table align="center" width="500" border="1">
<tr><td>用户名称：</td><td><input type="text" name="name" value=""/>

</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>用户年龄：</td><td><input type="text" name="age" value=""/>

</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="添加用户">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

user_add.do

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.yan.mvc.model.User;

public class UserAdd extends HttpServlet {

	public UserAdd() {
		super();
		
	}

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(req, resp);
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String name=req.getParameter("name");
		int age=Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("age"));
		List<User> users=(List<User>)req.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		if(users==null){
			users=new ArrayList<User>();
			
		}
		User u=new User(name,age);
		users.add(u);
		req.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("storeUsers", users);
		resp.sendRedirect("user_list.do");
	}
	

}

user_list.do

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.yan.mvc.model.User;


public class UserList extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public UserList() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		List<User>users=(List<User>)request.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		request.setAttribute("users", users);
		
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/user_list.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}

}

user_list.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 <%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<style type="text/css">
table{
border-bottom:1px solid #000;
border-right:1px solid #000;
}
table td{
border-top:1px solid #000;
border-left:1px solid #000;
padding:5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="register.do" >添加用户</a>
<table align="center" width="200" cellspacing="0"  cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td>用户名</td><td>年龄</td>
</tr>
<c:if test="${empty users }">
<tr><td colspan="2">没有用户信息</td></tr>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${not empty users}">
<c:forEach var="user" items="${users}">
<tr>
<td>${user.name}</td>
<td>
<c:choose> 
<c:when test="${user.age gt 17 }">${user.age }</c:when>
<c:otherwise>未成年</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</c:if>
</table>
</body>

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
可以发现这样虽然实现目的，将控制与视图显示分离开来，但明显一个jsp就有一个servlet，太多了，我们可以将它们进行合并成一个，可以使用传参的方式

user.do

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.yan.mvc.model.User;
@WebServlet("/user.do")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public UserServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(request,response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		//动态获取访问的是哪个操作
                String method=request.getParameter("method");
		if("add".equals(method)){
			add(request,response);
		}else if("list".equals(method)){
			list(request,response);
		}else if("register".equals(method)){
			register(request,response);
		}
	}
	protected void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String name=req.getParameter("name");
		int age=Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("age"));
		List<User> users=(List<User>)req.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		if(users==null){
			users=new ArrayList<User>();
			
		}
		User u=new User(name,age);
		users.add(u);
		req.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("storeUsers", users);
		resp.sendRedirect("user.do?method=list");
	}
	protected void list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		List<User>users=(List<User>)request.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		request.setAttribute("users", users);
		
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/user_list.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
	protected void register(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/register.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
}

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user.do?method=add" method="post">
<table align="center" width="500" border="1">
<tr><td>用户名称：</td><td><input type="text" name="name" value=""/>

</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>用户年龄：</td><td><input type="text" name="age" value=""/>

</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="添加用户">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 <%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<style type="text/css">
table{
border-bottom:1px solid #000;
border-right:1px solid #000;
}
table td{
border-top:1px solid #000;
border-left:1px solid #000;
padding:5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="user.do?method=register" >添加用户</a>
<table align="center" width="200" cellspacing="0"  cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td>用户名</td><td>年龄</td>
</tr>
<c:if test="${empty users }">
<tr><td colspan="2">没有用户信息</td></tr>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${not empty users}">
<c:forEach var="user" items="${users}">
<tr>
<td>${user.name}</td>
<td>
<c:choose> 
<c:when test="${user.age gt 17 }">${user.age }</c:when>
<c:otherwise>未成年</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</c:if>
</table>
</body>

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
上面还有不足的地方，那就是如果操作很多，要写过多的if-else语句，怎么修改？第一时间想到了反射，根据参数自动选择要执行的方法

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.yan.mvc.model.User;
@WebServlet("/user.do")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public UserServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(request,response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String method=request.getParameter("method");
		try {
			Method m=this.getClass().getMethod(method,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
			m.invoke(this, request,response);
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SecurityException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String name=req.getParameter("name");
		int age=Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("age"));
		List<User> users=(List<User>)req.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		if(users==null){
			users=new ArrayList<User>();
			
		}
		User u=new User(name,age);
		users.add(u);
		req.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("storeUsers", users);
		resp.sendRedirect("user.do?method=list");
	}
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		List<User>users=(List<User>)request.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		request.setAttribute("users", users);
		
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/user_list.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
	public void register(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/register.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
}

可以发现现在增加方法，不用再去修改doPost()，如果用的是if-else则要不断增加else if语句。（体验反射神奇之处，不用修改，根据参数去执行某个方法，死的东西活过来了）
其实反射的那部分代码是通用的，更好的改进方法是提取出来，创建一个BaseServlet，让UserServlet去继承它。

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;



public class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {

	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String method=request.getParameter("method");

		try {
			Method m=this.getClass().getMethod(method,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
			m.invoke(this, request,response);
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SecurityException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}



}

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.yan.mvc.model.User;
@WebServlet("/user.do")
public class UserServlet extends BaseServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
  
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String name=req.getParameter("name");
		int age=Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("age"));
		List<User> users=(List<User>)req.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		if(users==null){
			users=new ArrayList<User>();
			
		}
		User u=new User(name,age);
		users.add(u);
		req.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("storeUsers", users);
		resp.sendRedirect("user.do?method=list");
	}
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		List<User>users=(List<User>)request.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		request.setAttribute("users", users);
		
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/user_list.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
	public void register(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/register.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
}

这样一来真正通用，不仅是UserServlet，以后有什么AddressServlet、MessageServlet等等都可以去继承它，在这些servlet中我们只顾写需要的业务方法就好了（就好像UserServlet只要写add()、list()、register()这些方法，神奇！！！），

进一步把页面跳转代码给提取出来

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.yan.mvc.model.User;
@WebServlet("/user.do")
public class UserServlet extends BaseServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
  
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public String add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String name=req.getParameter("name");
		int age=Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("age"));
		List<User> users=(List<User>)req.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		if(users==null){
			users=new ArrayList<User>();
			
		}
		User u=new User(name,age);
		users.add(u);
		req.getSession().getServletContext().setAttribute("storeUsers", users);
		return "redirect:user.do?method=list";
//		resp.sendRedirect("user.do?method=list");
	}
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public String list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		List<User>users=(List<User>)request.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("storeUsers");
		request.setAttribute("users", users);
		return "user/user_list.jsp";
//		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/user_list.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
	public String register(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/user/register.jsp").forward(request, response);
		return "user/register.jsp";
	}
}

package com.yan.mvc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;



public class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {

	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String method=request.getParameter("method");

		try {
			Method m=this.getClass().getMethod(method,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
			//获取要跳转到的页面                        String rel=(String)m.invoke(this, request,response);
			String redirStr="redirect:";
			//判断客户端跳转还是服务器端跳转
			if(rel.startsWith(redirStr)){
				response.sendRedirect(rel.substring(redirStr.length()));
			}else{
				request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/"+rel).forward(request, response);
			}
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SecurityException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}



}