如何编写第一个Servlet程序

编写第一个Servlet程序

1. 创建maven项目：
   2. 在一个通用大Module，在pom.xml里面统一导包依赖，这里导入jsp和servlet的项目依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>wufeng01</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-servlet01</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>servlet01</module>
        <module>servlet03</module>
        <module>response</module>
    </modules>
    <!--  可以导入jar包依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <!--    Servlet 依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--    jsp 依赖-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3. 更新web.xml为最新版本4.0

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"         
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-			   app_4_0.xsd"         
         version="4.0"         
         metadata-complete="true">
</web-app>

4. 搭建好三级目录，这样基础的环境就搭建好了，新建一个Helloservlet.java
   

注意要激活java文件夹和test文件夹
然后往响应流里面使用writer对象打印"Hello Servlet!"

package com.wufeng.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入了doget方法");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); // 响应流
        writer.print("Hello Servlet!");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5. 编写的servlet需要到web.xml文件上面注册：

<!-- 注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wufeng.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
<!--servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
<!--注册报错servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wufeng.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

6. 配置tomcat
   
7. 启动tomcat

输入请求路径，得到结果

8. 注意事项：

改成合适版本，如9.0