ThreadPoolExecutor 是如何定义线程池状态与线程池中线程数量的

JAVA定义了原子变量AtomicInteger，实质就是整型数。我们知道整数类型的长度为32位，这里就将整型数包装了两个内容
- runState：高的三位表示线程池的状态，
- workCount：低的29为表示线程池的工作线程数量。

源码

private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));   
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
private static final int CAPACITY   = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;

private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS;    
private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS;

private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; }
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }     

解析

• private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));

实际就是通过ctlOf方法初始化了原子变量ctl，其结果为RUNING和0的或运算结果。就是RUNNING.

• private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;

在从l4看RUNNING的值，-1 << COUNT_BITS:就是-1左移COUNT_BITS位。Integer.SIZE 是32，所以COUNT_BITS就是29.
-1用32位的二进制表示为32个1。所以左移29位得：1110 0000 00000000 00000000 00000000
所以ctl的初始值就是它，-536870912 。最高位为表示符号。所以为负数。

• private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
  private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
  private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
  private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;

同理，0，1，2，3左移29位后的值分别表示SHUTDOWN,STOP, TIDYING, TERMINATED.
他们的高三位分别是，000/001/010/011/ 00000 00000000 00000000 00000000.

所以，线程池状态之间的转换为：
* RUNNING -> SHUTDOWN
* On invocation of shutdown(), perhaps implicitly in finalize()
* (RUNNING or SHUTDOWN) -> STOP
* On invocation of shutdownNow()
* SHUTDOWN -> TIDYING
* When both queue and pool are empty
* STOP -> TIDYING
* When pool is empty
* TIDYING -> TERMINATED
* When the terminated() hook method has completed
*
* Threads waiting in awaitTermination() will return when the
* state reaches TERMINATED.

• private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
  CAPACITY与线程池中的线程数量和状态的获取有关的常量。前面我们知道1<< COUNT_BITS：1左移32位，是0010 0000 00000000 00000000 00000000.
  再-1，所以CAPACITY的值为：0001 1111 11111111 111111111 11111111.

• private static int runStateOf(int c) { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
  那CAPACITY如何与状态相关联，又如何得到通过c返回当前状态的呢。
  假如当前状态为RUNNING,可以通过ctl.get()方法获取c值，他的高三位表示状态，第三位表示当前线程数量。
  ~CAPACITY表示对CAPACITY取反，所以~CAPACITY的高三位为1，低29位为0。
  再和c进行与操作，低29为都为0，高三位就是c的高三位。就得到了当前的状态了。
  当前状态为RUNNING,工作线程为1
  1110 0000 00000000 00000000 00000001 RUNNING
  & 1110 0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ~CAPACITY
  1110 0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 runState

• private static int workerCountOf(int c) { return c & CAPACITY; }
  得到当前当前线程池中工作线程的数量的方法，其方法与得到状态方法相同。
  当前状态为RUNNING,工作线程为1
  1110 0000 00000000 00000000 00000001 RUNNING
  & 0001 1111 11111111 111111111 11111111 ~CAPACITY
  0000 0000 00000000 00000000 00000001 workerCount

这样电脑的可读性更高。速度也就更快