金融名词

T2S

T2S是由欧洲中央银行主导开发的泛欧证券交收综合技术平台。T2S 旨在通过与欧洲中央银行资金实时支付系统连接进行货银对付的证券交收，消除欧洲各国证券境内及跨境交收的差异，实现欧洲证券的无国境交收。

MT940

“SWIFT MT940信息服务”业务是指账户行利用SWIFT电文发送系统，协助跨国公司的分支机构，将其开立在账户行的账户余额信息及交易信息以SWIFT对账单电文的形式发送至其境外母（总）公司的账户行或境外母（总）公司，以实现境外母（总）公司对其子（分）公司等分支机构的信息查询。

福费廷 / 信用证

• 信用证
  银行作出的凭单据付款的信用承诺，“信用”是指银行信用。银行作为买卖双方的中间人，对双方的一种承诺，保证卖方能收到货款，买房在支付后能够收到货。其间的风险由银行承担。

• 福费廷
  (1) 银行买断卖方的信用证就是福费廷业务。对于卖方而言，通过向银行出售自己的信用证，可以通过贴现的方式尽早回收资金，支持生产和运营，相对于银行普通贷款利率，贴现率还比贷款利率要低，相当于低息贷款。对于急需资金周转的企业而言，福费廷业务可以提供及时低息资金。
  (2) 商业银行进行票据贴现后，若其资金紧张，在贴现票据到期前，可持未到期的贴现票据，向中央银行申请再贴现。同理，再贴现也有折扣，其折扣率通常被称为再贴现率。简言之，贴现是商业银行向企业提供资金的一种方式，再贴现是中央银行向商业银行提供资金的一种方式。两者都是以转让有效票据(一般是银行承兑汇票)为前提的。

• 参考 - 福费廷 / 信用证的通俗解释

银行中间业务

商业银行为客户办理支付和其他委托事项而收取手续费的业务的总称。主要业务有：
(1) 汇兑业务，客户将现款交给银行，由银行汇给住在其他地方的第三者；
(2) 信用证业务，客户委托银行向异地卖主支付货款的商品信用证业务，和客户将一定现款交与银行换取一种凭证，用于在该行其他城市的分支机构或往来银行汇兑现金的货币信用证业务；
(3) 代收业务，银行代替客户收取各种款项、接受委托代替客户买卖有价证券、贵金属和外汇；
(4) 信托业务，银行代人管理财产、办理遗产转让、保管有价证券和贵重物品等等。

Difference Between RTGS and SWIFT

Those who are close to banking industry know about the acronyms SWIFT and RTGS very well. In fact, in modern times when transfer of funds from one bank to another, not just nationally but internationally has become commonplace, people are talking and using these technologies on a much regular basis. While RTGS is electronic transfer of funds within a country, you need a SWIFT code if you wish to transfer funds electronically to your relative in a foreign country. There are differences in these two technologies that will be highlighted in this article.

RTGS
It stands for Real Time Gross Settlement and is the fastest way to send money from one bank account to another within the country. This payment system is available for a short time period in morning hours from 10 AM to 1:30 PM only, and the minimum value of transaction is pegged at Rupees 200,000. Banks charge fees for this real time settlement, which varies from bank to bank, but RTGS is very convenient as money gets deposited in another account within the same day. The inclusion of real time in RTGS means that settlement of funds is done in real time and not at some time later which is what makes RTGS so popular among businessmen. Meant primarily for high level transactions, there is no upper ceiling on RTGS while the lower level has been pegged at 200000 rupees.

As soon as the money is received by the beneficiary bank, it issues an acknowledgement that money has been received and so the person remitting money can know his money has reached destination the same day. To send money electronically to another account in India, both banks must be RTGS enabled. You can know whether the branch you are sending money is RTGS enabled or not instantly through internet or from your own bank.

SWIFT
SWIFT stands for Society for Worldwide Financial Telecommunication and was established in 1973 in Brussels. It was founded to facilitate easy communication between financial institutions all over the world. SWIFT supplies software and other services to banks and other financial institutions. However, it is best known for its Bank Identifier Codes (BIC) which are also known as SWIFT codes. These Swift codes form the backbone of all the messaging that goes on between banks in all parts of the world. SWIFT does not facilitate fund transfers but you need to know the SWIFT code of the bank in a foreign country when you are trying to send money abroad.

SWIFT code is a 8-11 digit code containing alpha numeric characters. When there are only 8 digits, it refers to primary office in a foreign country but when 11 digits are used, one can know instantly the branch of the bank in the foreign country. First 4 characters reveal the name of the financial institution; next two ate meant for the country. Next two characters reveal the location of the bank while the last three tell all about the branch of the bank.

Difference Between RTGS and SWIFT

• SWIFT codes are used by banks for sending messages to other banks internationally. These codes are required by common people only when they need to transfer funds internationally.
• RTGS stands for Real Time Gross Settlement and is used for electronic transfer of funds from one bank to another within India
• You need to provide the account number of the bank abroad as well as its SWIFT code to transfer funds electronically.
• Reference - Difference Between RTGS and SWIFT