oracle（1）：手工建库

参考文档：
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25494/create.htm#ADMIN11074

Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID)

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACL{E}_{B}ASE/product/d{b}_{1}L{D}_{L}IBRAR{Y}_{P}ATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib
PATH=$ORACL{E}_{H}OME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export ORACLE_SID=study
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8

Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set

主要是确认一些环境变量：

For example, on most platforms, ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME must be set. In addition, it is advisable to set the PATH variable to include the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. On the UNIX and Linux platforms, you must set these environment variables manually. On the Windows platform, OUI automatically assigns values to ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID in the Windows registry. If you did not create a database upon installation, OUI does not set ORACLE_SID in the registry, and you will have to set the ORACLE_SID environment variable when you create your database later.

Step 3: Choose a Database AdministratorAuthentication MethodStep

密码文件的路径：
[oracle@db-test1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs

ORAPWD FILE=filename [ENTRIES=numusers] [FORCE={Y|N}] [IGNORECASE={Y|N}]

orapwd FILE=orapwstudy password=oracle

4: Create the Initialization Parameter FileStep

文件里面有连接到例子：

[oracle@db-test1 dbs]$ vi initstudy.ora
db_name='study'
memory_target=4G
control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/control02.ctl'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

启动到nomount:

[oracle@db-test1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Mar 13 21:16:10 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size		    2260088 bytes
Variable Size		  624952200 bytes
Database Buffers	  436207616 bytes
Redo Buffers		    5517312 bytes

5: (Windows Only) Create an InstanceStep

6: Connect to the InstanceStep

7: Create a Server Parameter FileStep

create spfile from pfile;
create pfile=’/tmp/pfile.ora’ from spfile;

8: Start the InstanceStep

9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE StatementStep

CREATE DATABASE study
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/redo01a.log') SIZE 50M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/redo02a.log') SIZE 50M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/redo03a.log') SIZE 50M
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 200
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

OPEN

10: Create Additional TablespacesStep

SQL> select * from dba_data_files;
select * from dba_data_files

这时候还没有创建视图

CREATE TABLESPACE users  LOGGING 
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/study/user01.dbf' 
     SIZE 500M ;
    
 alter database default tablespace users;

11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary ViewsStep

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql   
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

12: (Optional) Run Scripts to Install Additional OptionsStep

13: Back Up the Database.Step

14: (Optional) Enable Automatic Instance Startup