ORACLE（3）：连接、会话

参考：官方文档

什么是连接、会话和进程

connection（连接）：
A connection is a physical communication pathway between a client process and a database instance. A communication pathway is established using available interprocess communication mechanisms or network software. Typically, a connection occurs between a client process and a server process or dispatcher, but it can also occur between a client process and Oracle Connection Manager (CMAN).
用户进程到服务器进程的一个物理通道。
processs(进程)：

A process is a mechanism in an operating system that can run a series of steps. The mechanism depends on the operating system. For example, on Linux an Oracle background process is a Linux process. On Windows, an Oracle background process is a thread of execution within a process。
进程是操作系统，对于oracle来说分为客户端进程和服务进程。

session（会话）:

A session is a logical entity in the database instance memory that represents the state of a current user login to a database. For example, when a user is authenticated by the database with a password, a session is established for this user. A session lasts from the time the user is authenticated by the database until the time the user disconnects or exits the database application.

会话是实例中存在的一个逻辑结构。这就是你的会话状态，也就是表示特定会话的一组内存 中的数据结构。

连接和会话的关系

1.一个connection 可以有0个会话，1个会话和多个会话：

一个连接0个会话：当数据库没启动，可以连接，但是没有会话。

窗口1查询

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> disconnect
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

disconnect 只是中断了session，连接还在

窗口2：

SQL> select t.USERNAME,t.STATUS,t.SID,t.SERIAL# from v$session t where t.USERNAME= 'STUDY';

no rows selected

SQL> 

2.一个连接一个session

窗口1：

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 

窗口2：

SQL> select t.USERNAME,t.STATUS,t.SID,t.SERIAL# from v$session t where t.USERNAME= 'STUDY';

USERNAME										   STATUS			   SID	  SERIAL#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ ---------- ----------
STUDY											   INACTIVE			     8	      269

SQL> 

3.一个连接多个会话

窗口1：

SQL> set autot on
SQL> select 1 from dual;

	 1
----------
	 1

窗口2：

SQL> select t.USERNAME,t.STATUS,t.SID,t.SERIAL# from v$session t where t.USERNAME= 'STUDY';

USERNAME										   STATUS			   SID	  SERIAL#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ ---------- ----------
STUDY											   INACTIVE			     8	      273
STUDY											   INACTIVE			     9	      409