【算法】二进制求和

给定两个二进制字符串，返回他们的和（用二进制表示）。

输入为非空字符串且只包含数字 1 和 0。

示例 1:

输入: a = "11", b = "1"
输出: "100"

示例 2:

输入: a = "1010", b = "1011"
输出: "10101"

public class AddBinary {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String a = "1010";
        String b = "1011";
        String result = addBinary2(a, b);
        System.out.println(result);
    }

    /**
     * 方法一：正向求解
     * @param a
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static String addBinary1(String a, String b) {
        //若字符串a的长度小于b的长度，两个字符串交换
        if (a.length() < b.length()){
            String temp = a;
            a = b;
            b = temp;
        }
        int lengthA = a.length() - 1;
        int lengthB = b.length() - 1;
        //进位
        int carries = 0;
        String result = "";
        //先根据短字符串的长度依次计算
        while (lengthB >= 0){
            //减去'0'防止字符强转成int时值发生变化  例如'1'转换成int类型就变成49了
            int sum = (a.charAt(lengthA) - '0') + (b.charAt(lengthB) - '0') + carries;
            result = String.valueOf(sum % 2) + result;
            carries = sum / 2;
            lengthA--;
            lengthB--;
        }
        //再根据长字符串的长度一次计算
        while (lengthA >= 0){
            int sum = (a.charAt(lengthA) - '0') + carries;
            result = String.valueOf(sum % 2) + result;
            carries = sum / 2;
            lengthA--;
        }
        if (carries == 1){
            result = "1" + result;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 方法二:反转
     * @param a
     * @param b
     * @return
     */
    public static String addBinary2(String a, String b) {
        int lenA = a.length() - 1;
        int lenB = b.length() - 1;
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        //进位
        int carries = 0;
        while (lenA >= 0 || lenB >= 0){
            int x = (lenA >= 0)?a.charAt(lenA) - '0':0;
            int y = (lenB >= 0)?b.charAt(lenB) - '0':0;
            int sum = x + y;
            carries = sum / 2;
            sb.append(sum % 2);
            lenA--;
            lenB--;
        }
        if (carries > 0){
            sb.append(carries);
        }
        return sb.reverse().toString();
    }

}