字典的定义
字典是一个无序的数据集合
通常输出的顺序和定义的顺序不一致
users = ['user1','user2']
passwd = ['123','456']
print(zip(users,passwd))
print(list(zip(users,passwd))) #列表
print(dict(zip(users,passwd))) #字典
定义一个空字典
s = {}
print(type(s))
字典:key-value键-值对
value可以是任意的数据类型
s = {
'westos':[11,22,33],
'mysql':[44,55,66]
}
print(s)
print(type(s))
工厂函数
d = dict()
print(type(d))
d = dict(a=1,b=2)
print(d,type(d))
字典的嵌套
students = {
'02165071':{
'name':'zyw',
'age':'18'
},
'02165070':{
'name':'lhr',
'age':'19'
}
}
print(students['02165071']['name'])
所有的key的value值相同
#所有的key的value值相同
print({}.fromkeys({'1','2'},'000000'))
字典的特性
字典,不支持索引和切片,但可通过key值查询values值,key值唯一
字典不支持索引
字典不支持切片
字典的重复和连接无意义
字典的key值是唯一的
成员操作符
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
print('1' in d)
for循环,默认遍历字典的key值
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
for key in d:
print(key)
遍历字典
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
for key in d:
print(key,d[key])
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
for k,v in d.items():
print(k,v)
字典的增加
如果key值存在,则更新对应的value值,如果key值不存在,则添加对应的key-value数值
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
service['ftp'] = 21
print(service)
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
service['ftp'] = 21
print(service)
service['http'] = 443
print(service)
添加多个key-value值
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
service_backup = {
'https':443,
'tomcat':8080,
'http':8080
}
service.update(service_backup) #service变,service_backup不变
print(service)
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
service_backup = {
'https':443,
'tomcat':8080,
'http':8080
}
service.update(flask=9000,http=8000)
print(service)
setdefault添加key值
如果key值存在,不做修改
如果key值不存在,添加对应的key-value
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
service.setdefault('http',9000)
print(service)
service.setdefault('oracle',44575)
print(service)
字典的删除
del删除
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
del service['http']
print(service)
pop删除
pop删除指定的key的key-value
如果key存在,删除,并返回删除key对应value
如果不存在,报错
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
item = service.pop('http')
print(item)
print(service)
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
item = service.pop('https')
print(item)
print(service)
popitem
popitem删除最后一个key-value值对
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
item = service.popitem()
print(service)
clear
clear 清空字典内容
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
service.clear()
print(service)
字典的查看
查看字典的key值
print(services.keys())
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(service.keys())
查看字典的value值
print(services.values())
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(service.values())
查看字典的key-value值
print(services.items())
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(service.items())
查看key的value值
key不存在,默认返回None
key不存在,有default,则返回default值
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(service.get('https'))
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
for k in service:
print(k,service[k])
get方法
如果key值存在,返回
如果不存在,默认返回None,如果需要指定返回值,传值即可
service = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(service.get('https','key is not exit'))
字典练习
练习01
数字重复统计:
1). 随机生成1000个整数;
2). 数字的范围[20, 100],
3). 升序输出所有不同的数字及其每个数字重复的次数;
import random
all_num = []
for item in range(1000):
all_num.append(random.randint(20,100))
print(all_num)
sorted_num = sorted(all_num)
num_dict = {}
for num in sorted_num:
if num in num_dict:
num_dict[num] += 1
else:
num_dict[num] = 1
print(num_dict)
练习02
输入一串字符串,统计每个单词出现的次数
例如:
‘westos hello python westos’
westos 2
hello 1
python 1
思路:
1.把该字符串分割处理,以空格为分隔符
2.定义一个空字典,用字典存储该单词和他出现的次数
3.依次遍历循环列表,如果列表元素不再字典的key中,将元素key的value值为1,如果列表的元素在字典的key中,直接更新该key对应的value值,在原有的基础上加1
str = input('请输入: ')
str_list = str.split()
print(str_list)
dict = {}
for item in str_list:
if item not in dict:
dict[item] = 1
else:
dict[item] += 1
print(dict)