Python——os操作系统练习

京东二面笔试题

1. 生成一个大文件ips.txt,要求1200行，每行随机为172.25.254.0/24段的ip;
2. 读取ips.txt文件统计这个文件中ip出现频率排前10的ip;

代码如下：

import random

def create_ip(filename):
    ip = ['172.25.254.' + str(i) for i in range(1,255)]
    with open(filename,'a+') as f:
        for i in range(1200):
            f.write(random.sample(ip,1)[0] + '\n')
create_ip('ips.txt')

def sorted_by_ip(filename,count=10):
    ips_dict = dict()
    with open(filename) as f:
        for ip in f:
            ip = ip.strip()
            if ip in ips_dict:
                ips_dict[ip] += 1
            else:
                ips_dict[ip] = 1
    sorted_ip = sorted(ips_dict.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)[:count]
    return sorted_ip
print(sorted_by_ip('ips.txt'))

结果如下：

练习

1. 在当前目录新建目录img, 里面包含100个文件, 100个文件名各不相同(X4G5.png)
2. 将当前img目录所有以.png结尾的后缀名改为.jpg.

代码如下：

import random
import os
import string
from os.path import splitext

def gen_code(len=4):
    li = random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits,len)   #随机生成4位验证码
    return ''.join(li)    #拼接为字符串
# print(gen_code())

def create_files():
    li = [gen_code() for i in range(100)]    #生成100个验证码
    os.mkdir('img')
    for i in li:
        os.mknod('img/' + i + '.png')

print(create_files())

def modify_suffix(dirname,old_suffix,new_suffix):
    #pngfile = [filename for filename in os.listdir(dirname) if filename.endswith(old_suffix)]   #找出以png结尾的文件名
    pngfile = filter(lambda filename:filename.endswith(old_suffix),os.listdir(dirname))

    basefiles = [os.path.splitext(filename)[0] for filename in pngfile]   #分离文件名和后缀名

    for filename in basefiles:
        # print(filename)
        oldname = os.path.join(dirname,filename + old_suffix)
        newname = os.path.join(dirname,filename + new_suffix)
        os.rename(oldname,newname)
        print('%s重命名为%s成功' %(oldname,newname))

modify_suffix('img','.png','.jpg')

执行结果：