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ValueStack简述
valueStack是一个接口,在struts2中使用OGNL表达式实际上是使用实现了ValueStack接口的类OgnlValueStack.它是ValueStack的默认实现类. 首先看一下,这个接口是怎么定义的。
- package com.opensymphony.xwork2.util;
- import java.util.Map;
- public interface ValueStack {
- public static final String VALUE_STACK = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack.ValueStack";
- public static final String REPORT_ERRORS_ON_NO_PROP = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack.ReportErrorsOnNoProp";
- public abstract Map<String, Object> getContext();
- /**
- * Sets the default type to convert to if no type is provided when getting a value.
- *
- * @param defaultType the new default type
- */
- public abstract void setDefaultType(Class defaultType);
- /**
- * Set a override map containing <code>key -> values</code> that takes precedent when doing find operations on the ValueStack.
- * <p/>
- * See the unit test for ValueStackTest for examples.
- *
- * @param overrides overrides map.
- */
- public abstract void setExprOverrides(Map<Object, Object> overrides);
- /**
- * Gets the override map if anyone exists.
- *
- * @return the override map, <tt>null</tt> if not set.
- */
- public abstract Map<Object, Object> getExprOverrides();
- /**
- * Get the CompoundRoot which holds the objects pushed onto the stack
- *
- * @return the root
- */
- public abstract CompoundRoot getRoot();
- /**
- * Attempts to set a property on a bean in the stack with the given expression using the default search order.
- *
- * @param expr the expression defining the path to the property to be set.
- * @param value the value to be set into the named property
- */
- public abstract void setValue(String expr, Object value);
- /**
- * Attempts to set a property on a bean in the stack with the given expression using the default search order.
- * N.B.: unlike #setValue(String,Object) it doesn't allow eval expression.
- * @param expr the expression defining the path to the property to be set.
- * @param value the value to be set into the named property
- */
- void setParameter(String expr, Object value);
- /**
- * 根据顺序查找到表达式对应的值并修改
- *
- * @param expr 表达式
- * @param value 值
- * @param throwExceptionOnFailure 如果没有找到抛出的异常
- */
- public abstract void setValue(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure);
- public abstract String findString(String expr);
- public abstract String findString(String expr, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure);
- /**
- * 按照默认的顺序根据表达式获取值
- */
- public abstract Object findValue(String expr);
- public abstract Object findValue(String expr, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure);
- public abstract Object findValue(String expr, Class asType);
- public abstract Object findValue(String expr, Class asType, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure);
- /**
- * 获取栈顶元素,不改变栈
- */
- public abstract Object peek();
- /**
- * 获取栈顶元素并将它移除出栈
- */
- public abstract Object pop();
- /**
- * 将这个值放到栈顶
- */
- public abstract void push(Object o);
- /**
- * 修改值栈中键为key的值
- */
- public abstract void set(String key, Object o);
- /**
- * 获取栈中的对象的数量
- */
- public abstract int size();
- }
可以看到,这个接口定义了许多的抽象方法以及方法。就是对值栈中的数据进行相应的操作。
它的默认实现类是OgnlValueStack,查看一下OgnlValueStack的源代码:
- package com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.XWorkConstants;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.XWorkException;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Container;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Inject;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClearableValueStack;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.MemberAccessValueStack;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.Logger;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.LoggerFactory;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.LoggerUtils;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionContextState;
- import ognl.*;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.Set;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- public class OgnlValueStack implements Serializable, ValueStack, ClearableValueStack, MemberAccessValueStack {
- public static final String THROW_EXCEPTION_ON_FAILURE = OgnlValueStack.class.getName() + ".throwExceptionOnFailure";
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 370737852934925530L;
- private static final String MAP_IDENTIFIER_KEY = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.OgnlValueStack.MAP_IDENTIFIER_KEY";
- private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OgnlValueStack.class);
- //CompoundRoot继承了ArraryList,提供了额外的方法:push()和pop()方法,所以它相当于栈结构
- <span style="color:#FF0000;">CompoundRoot root;
- transient Map<String, Object> context;
- Class defaultType;
- Map<Object, Object> overrides;
- transient OgnlUtil ognlUtil;
- transient SecurityMemberAccess securityMemberAccess;</span>
- private boolean devMode;
- private boolean logMissingProperties;
- protected OgnlValueStack(XWorkConverter xworkConverter, CompoundRootAccessor accessor, TextProvider prov, boolean allowStaticAccess) {
- setRoot(xworkConverter, accessor, new CompoundRoot(), allowStaticAccess);
- push(prov);
- }
- protected OgnlValueStack(ValueStack vs, XWorkConverter xworkConverter, CompoundRootAccessor accessor, boolean allowStaticAccess) {
- setRoot(xworkConverter, accessor, new CompoundRoot(vs.getRoot()), allowStaticAccess);
- }
- @Inject
- public void setOgnlUtil(OgnlUtil ognlUtil) {
- this.ognlUtil = ognlUtil;
- }
- protected void setRoot(XWorkConverter xworkConverter, CompoundRootAccessor accessor, CompoundRoot compoundRoot,
- boolean allowStaticMethodAccess) {
- this.root = compoundRoot;
- this.securityMemberAccess = new SecurityMemberAccess(allowStaticMethodAccess);
- this.context = Ognl.createDefaultContext(this.root, accessor, new OgnlTypeConverterWrapper(xworkConverter), securityMemberAccess);
- context.put(VALUE_STACK, this);
- Ognl.setClassResolver(context, accessor);
- ((OgnlContext) context).setTraceEvaluations(false);
- ((OgnlContext) context).setKeepLastEvaluation(false);
- }
- @Inject(XWorkConstants.DEV_MODE)
- public void setDevMode(String mode) {
- devMode = "true".equalsIgnoreCase(mode);
- }
- @Inject(value = "logMissingProperties", required = false)
- public void setLogMissingProperties(String logMissingProperties) {
- this.logMissingProperties = "true".equalsIgnoreCase(logMissingProperties);
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#getContext()
- */
- public Map<String, Object> getContext() {
- return context;
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#setDefaultType(java.lang.Class)
- */
- public void setDefaultType(Class defaultType) {
- this.defaultType = defaultType;
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#setExprOverrides(java.util.Map)
- */
- public void setExprOverrides(Map<Object, Object> overrides) {
- if (this.overrides == null) {
- this.overrides = overrides;
- } else {
- this.overrides.putAll(overrides);
- }
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#getExprOverrides()
- */
- public Map<Object, Object> getExprOverrides() {
- return this.overrides;
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#getRoot()
- */
- public CompoundRoot getRoot() {
- return root;
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#setParameter(String, Object)
- */
- public void setParameter(String expr, Object value) {
- setValue(expr, value, devMode, false);
- }
- /**
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#setValue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
- */
- public void setValue(String expr, Object value) {
- setValue(expr, value, devMode);
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#setValue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object, boolean)
- */
- public void setValue(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- setValue(expr, value, throwExceptionOnFailure, true);
- }
- private void setValue(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure, boolean evalExpression) {
- Map<String, Object> context = getContext();
- try {
- trySetValue(expr, value, throwExceptionOnFailure, context, evalExpression);
- } catch (OgnlException e) {
- handleOgnlException(expr, value, throwExceptionOnFailure, e);
- } catch (RuntimeException re) { //XW-281
- handleRuntimeException(expr, value, throwExceptionOnFailure, re);
- } finally {
- cleanUpContext(context);
- }
- }
- private void trySetValue(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure, Map<String, Object> context, boolean evalExpression) throws OgnlException {
- context.put(XWorkConverter.CONVERSION_PROPERTY_FULLNAME, expr);
- context.put(REPORT_ERRORS_ON_NO_PROP, (throwExceptionOnFailure) ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
- ognlUtil.setValue(expr, context, root, value, evalExpression);
- }
- private void cleanUpContext(Map<String, Object> context) {
- ReflectionContextState.clear(context);
- context.remove(XWorkConverter.CONVERSION_PROPERTY_FULLNAME);
- context.remove(REPORT_ERRORS_ON_NO_PROP);
- }
- private void handleRuntimeException(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure, RuntimeException re) {
- if (throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- String message = ErrorMessageBuilder.create()
- .errorSettingExpressionWithValue(expr, value)
- .build();
- throw new XWorkException(message, re);
- } else {
- if (LOG.isWarnEnabled()) {
- LOG.warn("Error setting value", re);
- }
- }
- }
- private void handleOgnlException(String expr, Object value, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure, OgnlException e) {
- String msg = "Error setting expression '" + expr + "' with value '" + value + "'";
- if (LOG.isWarnEnabled()) {
- LOG.warn(msg, e);
- }
- if (throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- throw new XWorkException(msg, e);
- }
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#findString(java.lang.String)
- */
- public String findString(String expr) {
- return (String) findValue(expr, String.class);
- }
- public String findString(String expr, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- return (String) findValue(expr, String.class, throwExceptionOnFailure);
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#findValue(java.lang.String)
- */
- public Object findValue(String expr, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- try {
- setupExceptionOnFailure(throwExceptionOnFailure);
- return tryFindValueWhenExpressionIsNotNull(expr);
- } catch (OgnlException e) {
- return handleOgnlException(expr, throwExceptionOnFailure, e);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- return handleOtherException(expr, throwExceptionOnFailure, e);
- } finally {
- ReflectionContextState.clear(context);
- }
- }
- private void setupExceptionOnFailure(boolean throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- if (throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- context.put(THROW_EXCEPTION_ON_FAILURE, true);
- }
- }
- private Object tryFindValueWhenExpressionIsNotNull(String expr) throws OgnlException {
- if (expr == null) {
- return null;
- }
- return tryFindValue(expr);
- }
- private Object handleOtherException(String expr, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure, Exception e) {
- logLookupFailure(expr, e);
- if (throwExceptionOnFailure)
- throw new XWorkException(e);
- return findInContext(expr);
- }
- private Object tryFindValue(String expr) throws OgnlException {
- Object value;
- expr = lookupForOverrides(expr);
- if (defaultType != null) {
- value = findValue(expr, defaultType);
- } else {
- value = getValueUsingOgnl(expr);
- if (value == null) {
- value = findInContext(expr);
- }
- }
- return value;
- }
- private String lookupForOverrides(String expr) {
- if ((overrides != null) && overrides.containsKey(expr)) {
- expr = (String) overrides.get(expr);
- }
- return expr;
- }
- private Object getValueUsingOgnl(String expr) throws OgnlException {
- try {
- return ognlUtil.getValue(expr, context, root);
- } finally {
- context.remove(THROW_EXCEPTION_ON_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- public Object findValue(String expr) {
- return findValue(expr, false);
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#findValue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Class)
- */
- public Object findValue(String expr, Class asType, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- try {
- setupExceptionOnFailure(throwExceptionOnFailure);
- return tryFindValueWhenExpressionIsNotNull(expr, asType);
- } catch (OgnlException e) {
- return handleOgnlException(expr, throwExceptionOnFailure, e);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- return handleOtherException(expr, throwExceptionOnFailure, e);
- } finally {
- ReflectionContextState.clear(context);
- }
- }
- private Object tryFindValueWhenExpressionIsNotNull(String expr, Class asType) throws OgnlException {
- if (expr == null) {
- return null;
- }
- return tryFindValue(expr, asType);
- }
- private Object handleOgnlException(String expr, boolean throwExceptionOnFailure, OgnlException e) {
- Object ret = findInContext(expr);
- if (ret == null) {
- if (shouldLogNoSuchPropertyWarning(e)) {
- LOG.warn("Could not find property [" + ((NoSuchPropertyException) e).getName() + "]");
- }
- if (throwExceptionOnFailure) {
- throw new XWorkException(e);
- }
- }
- return ret;
- }
- private boolean shouldLogNoSuchPropertyWarning(OgnlException e) {
- return e instanceof NoSuchPropertyException && devMode && logMissingProperties;
- }
- private Object tryFindValue(String expr, Class asType) throws OgnlException {
- Object value = null;
- try {
- expr = lookupForOverrides(expr);
- value = getValue(expr, asType);
- if (value == null) {
- value = findInContext(expr);
- }
- } finally {
- context.remove(THROW_EXCEPTION_ON_FAILURE);
- }
- return value;
- }
- private Object getValue(String expr, Class asType) throws OgnlException {
- return ognlUtil.getValue(expr, context, root, asType);
- }
- private Object findInContext(String name) {
- return getContext().get(name);
- }
- public Object findValue(String expr, Class asType) {
- return findValue(expr, asType, false);
- }
- /**
- * Log a failed lookup, being more verbose when devMode=true.
- *
- * @param expr The failed expression
- * @param e The thrown exception.
- */
- private void logLookupFailure(String expr, Exception e) {
- String msg = LoggerUtils.format("Caught an exception while evaluating expression '#0' against value stack", expr);
- if (devMode && LOG.isWarnEnabled()) {
- LOG.warn(msg, e);
- LOG.warn("NOTE: Previous warning message was issued due to devMode set to true.");
- } else if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
- LOG.debug(msg, e);
- }
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#peek()
- */
- public Object peek() {
- return root.peek();
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#pop()
- */
- public Object pop() {
- return root.pop();
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#push(java.lang.Object)
- */
- public void push(Object o) {
- root.push(o);
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#set(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
- */
- public void set(String key, Object o) {
- //set basically is backed by a Map pushed on the stack with a key being put on the map and the Object being the value
- Map setMap = retrieveSetMap();
- setMap.put(key, o);
- }
- private Map retrieveSetMap() {
- Map setMap;
- Object topObj = peek();
- if (shouldUseOldMap(topObj)) {
- setMap = (Map) topObj;
- } else {
- setMap = new HashMap();
- setMap.put(MAP_IDENTIFIER_KEY, "");
- push(setMap);
- }
- return setMap;
- }
- /**
- * check if this is a Map put on the stack for setting if so just use the old map (reduces waste)
- */
- private boolean shouldUseOldMap(Object topObj) {
- return topObj instanceof Map && ((Map) topObj).get(MAP_IDENTIFIER_KEY) != null;
- }
- /**
- * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack#size()
- */
- public int size() {
- return root.size();
- }
- private Object readResolve() {
- // TODO: this should be done better
- ActionContext ac = ActionContext.getContext();
- Container cont = ac.getContainer();
- XWorkConverter xworkConverter = cont.getInstance(XWorkConverter.class);
- CompoundRootAccessor accessor = (CompoundRootAccessor) cont.getInstance(PropertyAccessor.class, CompoundRoot.class.getName());
- TextProvider prov = cont.getInstance(TextProvider.class, "system");
- boolean allow = "true".equals(cont.getInstance(String.class, "allowStaticMethodAccess"));
- OgnlValueStack aStack = new OgnlValueStack(xworkConverter, accessor, prov, allow);
- aStack.setOgnlUtil(cont.getInstance(OgnlUtil.class));
- aStack.setRoot(xworkConverter, accessor, this.root, allow);
- return aStack;
- }
- public void clearContextValues() {
- //this is an OGNL ValueStack so the context will be an OgnlContext
- //it would be better to make context of type OgnlContext
- ((OgnlContext) context).getValues().clear();
- }
- public void setAcceptProperties(Set<Pattern> acceptedProperties) {
- securityMemberAccess.setAcceptProperties(acceptedProperties);
- }
- public void setPropertiesJudge(PropertiesJudge judge) {
- securityMemberAccess.setPropertiesJudge(judge);
- }
- public void setExcludeProperties(Set<Pattern> excludeProperties) {
- securityMemberAccess.setExcludeProperties(excludeProperties);
- }
- }
ValueStack的生命周期
ValueStack的是保存着request的请求域中的,因此它的生命周期与request的生命周期是相同的。当Struts2接收到一个请求时,会迅速创建ActionContext、Action、ValueStack,然后将Action存放到ValueStack中,所以Action中的所有实例变量都是可以通过OGNL表达式访问的。当请求来的时候,Action,ValueStack的生命周期开始。当请求结束的时候,生命周期结束。
ValueStack的传送带机制
Struts2的Action类通过属性就可以获得所有相关的值,如请求参数,action配置参数,向其他Action传递属性值等。要获得这些值,我们需要做的就是在Action类中声明与参数同名的属性,在Action执行默认的execute方法之前,Struts2就为Action中的属性进行了赋值。要完成这个功能很大程度上依赖于ValueStack对象。当 Struts 2接收到一个.action的请求后,会先建立Action类的对象实例,并且将Action类的对象实例压入ValueStack对象中(实际 上,ValueStack对于相当一个栈),而ValueStack类的setValue和findValue方法可以设置和获得Action对象的属性 值。Struts 2中的某些拦截器正是通过ValueStack类的setValue方法来修改Action类的属性值的。如params拦截器用于将请求参数值映射到相 应成Action类的属性值。在params拦截器中在获得请求参数值后,会使用setValue方法设置相应的Action类的属性。从这一点可以看出,ValueStack对象就象一个传送带,当客户端请求.action时,Struts 2在创建相应用Action对象后就将Action对象放到了ValueStack传送带上,然后ValueStack传送带会带着Action对象经过 若干拦截器,在每一拦截器中都可以通过ValueStack对象设置和获得Action对象中的属性值。实际上,这些拦截器就相当于流水线作业。如果要对 Action对象进行某项加工,再加一个拦截器即可,当不需要进行这项工作时,直接将该拦截器去掉即可。