174. Dungeon Game

The demons had captured the princess (P) and imprisoned her in the bottom-right corner of a dungeon. The dungeon consists of M x N rooms laid out in a 2D grid. Our valiant knight (K) was initially positioned in the top-left room and must fight his way through the dungeon to rescue the princess.

The knight has an initial health point represented by a positive integer. If at any point his health point drops to 0 or below, he dies immediately.

Some of the rooms are guarded by demons, so the knight loses health (negative integers) upon entering these rooms; other rooms are either empty (0's) or contain magic orbs that increase the knight's health (positiveintegers).

In order to reach the princess as quickly as possible, the knight decides to move only rightward or downward in each step.

Write a function to determine the knight's minimum initial health so that he is able to rescue the princess.

For example, given the dungeon below, the initial health of the knight must be at least 7 if he follows the optimal path RIGHT-> RIGHT -> DOWN -> DOWN.

-2 (K)	-3	3
-5	-10	1
10	30	-5 (P)

Notes:

• The knight's health has no upper bound.
• Any room can contain threats or power-ups, even the first room the knight enters and the bottom-right room where the princess is imprisoned.

Credits:
Special thanks to @stellari for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

通过DFS求解，求得第i条路线连续求和的最小值Li（Li = min(a0, a0 + a1, a0 + a1 + a2, ... , a0 + a1 + .. + an-1)），再取max(L0, L1, L2, .... Ln-1)即可，会TimeOut，用例40/44，有4个不通过（一般通过DFS会TimeOut的情况均可尝试动态规划求解），程序如下所示：

class Solution {
    private int minVal = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    private int currentVal = 0;
    private int pathMin = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    
    public int calculateMinimumHP(int[][] dungeon) {
        int row = dungeon.length, col = dungeon[0].length;
        int[][] visited = new int[row][col];
        dfs(dungeon, 0, row, 0, col, visited);
        return (minVal >= 0)?1:1-minVal;
    }
    
    public void dfs(int[][] dungeon, int i, int row, int j, int col, int[][] visited){
        if (i >= row||i < 0||j >= col||j < 0){
            return;
        }
        if (visited[i][j] == 0){
            visited[i][j] = 1;
            currentVal += dungeon[i][j];
            boolean pathTag = false;
            int tmpPathMin = pathMin;
            if (currentVal < pathMin){
                pathTag = true;
                pathMin = currentVal;
            }
            if (i == row - 1&&j == col - 1){
                minVal = Math.max(minVal, pathMin);
            }
            dfs(dungeon, i + 1, row, j, col, visited);
            dfs(dungeon, i, row, j + 1, col, visited);
            visited[i][j] = 0;
            currentVal -= dungeon[i][j];
            if (pathTag){
                pathMin = tmpPathMin;
            }
        }
    }
}

动态规划求解程序如下：

class Solution {
    public int calculateMinimumHP(int[][] dungeon) {
        int row = dungeon.length, col = dungeon[0].length;
        int[][] minVal = new int[row][col];
        minVal[row-1][col-1] = Math.max(1-dungeon[row-1][col-1], 1);
        for (int i = row - 2; i >= 0; -- i){
            minVal[i][col-1] = Math.max( minVal[i+1][col-1] - dungeon[i][col-1], 1);
        }
        for (int i = col - 2; i >= 0; -- i){
            minVal[row-1][i] = Math.max(minVal[row-1][i+1] - dungeon[row-1][i], 1);
        }
        for (int i = row - 2; i >= 0; -- i){
            for (int j = col - 2; j >= 0; -- j){
                int right = Math.max(minVal[i][j+1] - dungeon[i][j], 1);
                int down = Math.max(minVal[i+1][j] - dungeon[i][j], 1);
                minVal[i][j] = Math.min(down, right);
            }
        }
        return minVal[0][0];
    }
}