773. Sliding Puzzle

On a 2x3 board, there are 5 tiles represented by the integers 1 through 5, and an empty square represented by 0.

A move consists of choosing 0 and a 4-directionally adjacent number and swapping it.

The state of the board is solved if and only if the board is [[1,2,3],[4,5,0]].

Given a puzzle board, return the least number of moves required so that the state of the board is solved. If it is impossible for the state of the board to be solved, return -1.

Examples:

Input: board = [[1,2,3],[4,0,5]]
Output: 1
Explanation: Swap the 0 and the 5 in one move.

Input: board = [[1,2,3],[5,4,0]]
Output: -1
Explanation: No number of moves will make the board solved.

Input: board = [[4,1,2],[5,0,3]]
Output: 5
Explanation: 5 is the smallest number of moves that solves the board.
An example path:
After move 0: [[4,1,2],[5,0,3]]
After move 1: [[4,1,2],[0,5,3]]
After move 2: [[0,1,2],[4,5,3]]
After move 3: [[1,0,2],[4,5,3]]
After move 4: [[1,2,0],[4,5,3]]
After move 5: [[1,2,3],[4,5,0]]

Input: board = [[3,2,4],[1,5,0]]
Output: 14

Note:

• board will be a 2 x 3 array as described above.
• board[i][j] will be a permutation of [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

一个二维数组，需要移动多少步才能达到目标数组。

这里面对于数组的操作相对比较麻烦，可以转化为对字符串的处理，通过BFS求解，程序如下所示：

class Solution {
    public int slidingPuzzle(int[][] board) {
        String s = Arrays.deepToString(board).replaceAll("\\[|\\]|,| ", "");
        Queue<String> que = new ArrayDeque<>();
        que.offer(s);
        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
        set.add(s);
        String target = "123450";
        int res = 0;
        while (!que.isEmpty()){
            int size = que.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; ++ i){
                String str = que.poll();
                if (str.equals(target)){
                    return res;
                }
                int[] k = new int[]{1, -1, 3, -3};
                int index = str.indexOf('0');
                for (int t = 0; t < 4; ++ t){
                    int m = index + k[t];
                    if (m < 0 || m > 5 || (m == 2 && index == 3) || (m == 3 && index == 2)){
                        continue;
                    }
                    char[] ch = str.toCharArray();
                    ch[index] = ch[m];
                    ch[m] = '0';
                    String tmp = new String(ch);
                    if (!set.contains(tmp)){
                        set.add(tmp);
                        que.offer(tmp);
                    }
                }
            }
            res ++;
        }
        return -1;
    }
}