先看下java源码中对hashcode()方法里面用到的变量的声明。
/** The value is used for character storage. */
private final char value[];//定义一个字符数组value,用于存储字符串里面的字符
/** The offset is the first index of the storage that is used. */
private final int offset;//定义offset变量表示字符串第一个字符的下标索引
/** The count is the number of characters in the String. */
private final int count;//定义count变量表示字符串中字符的个数
/** Cache the hash code for the string */
private int hash; // Default to 0,默认值为0
下面就是hashcode()方法的源码
/**
* Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a
* <code>String</code> object is computed as
* <blockquote><pre>
* s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
* </pre></blockquote>
* using <code>int</code> arithmetic, where <code>s[i]</code> is the
* <i>i</i>th character of the string, <code>n</code> is the length of
* the string, and <code>^</code> indicates exponentiation.
* (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
*
* @return a hash code value for this object.
*/
public int hashCode() {
int h = hash;
if (h == 0 && count > 0) {
int off = offset;
char val[] = value;
int len = count;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
h = 31*h + val[off++];
}
hash = h;
}
return h;
}
下面以cat为例。根据hashcode()源码中的循环部分的算法,计算一下cat的hashcode值
首先,c,a,t 的ascii码值分别为99,97,116;字符个数3,所以循环部分的代码变成如下所示
public int hashCode() {
int h = hash;
if (h == 0 && count > 0) {
int off = 0;
char val[] = value;
int len = 3;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
h = 31*h + val[off++];
}
hash = h;
}
return h;
}
也就是总共3次循环
第一次循环:h1=31*0+val[0]=val[0]='c'=99
第二次循环:h2=31*h1+val[1]=31*99+'a'=31*99+97=3166
第三次循环:h3=31*h2+val[2]=31*3166+'t'=31*3166+116=98262
所以cat的hashcode值为98262
再用多项式的表示方法检验一下s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
99*31的平方+97*31+116结果也等于98262
所以计算正确。