SpringCloud Hoxton版 + SpringCloud alibaba学习笔记（6）-- SpringCloud Stream消息驱动

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一、消息驱动概述

1、是什么

①、一句话

屏蔽底层消息中间件的差异，降低切换版本，统一消息的编程模型

②、官网

https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-stream#overview


https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-stream/3.0.1.RELEASE/reference/html/
Spring Cloud Stream中文指导手册
https://m.wang1314.com/doc/webapp/topic/20971999.html

2、设计思想

①、标准MQ

生产者/消费者之间靠消息媒介传递信息内容：Message
消息必须走特定的通道：消息通道MessageChannel
消息通道里的消息如何被消费呢，谁负责收发处理：消息通道MessageChannel的子接口SubscribableChannel,由MessageHandler消息处理器订阅

②、为什么用Cloud Stream

stream凭什么可以统一底层差异


Binder


INPUT对应于消费者，OUTPUT对应于生产者

③、Stream中的消息通信方式遵循了发布-订阅模式

Topic主题进行广播
在RabbitMQ就是Exchange，在kafka中就是Topic

3、Spring Cloud Stream标准流程套路

①、Binder

很方便的连接中间件，屏蔽差异

②、Channel

通道，是队列Queue的一种抽象，在消息通讯系统中就是实现存储和转发的媒介，通过对Channel对队列进行配置

③、Source和Sink

简单的可理解为参照对象是Spring Cloud Stream自身，从Stream发布消息就是输出，接受消息就是输入

4、编码API和常用注解

二、案例说明

安装好RabbitMQ环境，工程中新建三个子模块
cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801,作为生产者进行发消息模块
cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802,作为消息接收模块
cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8803,作为消息接收模块

三、消息驱动之生产者

1、新建Module

cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801

2、POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

3、YML

server:
  port: 8801

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-provider
  cloud:
    stream:
      binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息；
        defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称，用于于binding整合
          type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
          environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                host: localhost
                port: 5672
                username: guest
                password: guest
      bindings: # 服务的整合处理
        output: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
          destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
          content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型，本次为json，文本则设置“text/plain”
          binder: defaultRabbit  # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置

eureka:
  client: # 客户端进行Eureka注册的配置
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2 # 设置心跳的时间间隔（默认是30秒）
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5 # 如果现在超过了5秒的间隔（默认是90秒）
    instance-id: send-8801.com  # 在信息列表时显示主机名称
    prefer-ip-address: true     # 访问的路径变为IP地址

4、主启动类StreamMQMain8801

package com.atguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class StreamMQMain8801 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8801.class, args);
    }
}

5、业务类

①、发送消息接口

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;


public interface IMessageProvider
{
    public String send();
}

②、发送消息接口实现类

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.IMessageProvider;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.integration.support.MessageBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.springframework.integration.support.MessageBuilder;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Source;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.UUID;

@EnableBinding(Source.class) //定义消息的推送管道
public class MessageProviderImpl implements IMessageProvider
{
    @Resource
    private MessageChannel output; // 消息发送管道

    @Override
    public String send()
    {
        String serial = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        output.send(MessageBuilder.withPayload(serial).build());
        System.out.println("*****serial: "+serial);
        return null;
    }
}

③、Controller

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.IMessageProvider;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
public class SendMessageController
{
    @Resource
    private IMessageProvider messageProvider;

    @GetMapping(value = "/sendMessage")
    public String sendMessage()
    {
        return messageProvider.send();
    }

}

6、测试

①、启动7001eureka

②、启动rabbitmq

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
http://localhost:15672/

③、启动8801

④、访问

http://localhost:8801/sendMessage

四、消息驱动之消费者

1、新建Module

cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802

2、POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802</artifactId>

    <dependencies>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project> 

3、YML

server:
  port: 8802

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-consumer
  cloud:
    stream:
      binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息；
        defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称，用于于binding整合
          type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
          environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                host: localhost
                port: 5672
                username: guest
                password: guest
      bindings: # 服务的整合处理
        input: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
          destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
          content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型，本次为json，文本则设置“text/plain”
          binder: defaultRabbit  # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置

eureka:
  client: # 客户端进行Eureka注册的配置
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2 # 设置心跳的时间间隔（默认是30秒）
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5 # 如果现在超过了5秒的间隔（默认是90秒）
    instance-id: receive-8802.com  # 在信息列表时显示主机名称
    prefer-ip-address: true     # 访问的路径变为IP地址

4、主启动类StreamMQMain8802

package com.atguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class StreamMQMain8802 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8802.class, args);
    }

}

5、业务类

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Sink;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@EnableBinding(Sink.class)
public class ReceiveMessageListenerController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @StreamListener(Sink.INPUT)
    public void input(Message<String> message) {
        System.out.println("消费者1号，接受："+message.getPayload()+"\t port:"+serverPort);
    }

}

6、测试8801发送8802接收消息

http://localhost:8801/sendMessage

五、分组消费与持久化

1、依照8802，clone出来一份运行8803

cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8803

①、POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8803</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--基础配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

②、YML

server:
  port: 8803

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-consumer
  cloud:
      stream:
        binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息；
          defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称，用于于binding整合
            type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
            environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
              spring:
                rabbitmq:
                  host: localhost
                  port: 5672
                  username: guest
                  password: guest
        bindings: # 服务的整合处理
          input: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
            destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
            content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型，本次为对象json，如果是文本则设置“text/plain”
            binder: defaultRabbit # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置
            group: atguiguA

eureka:
  client: # 客户端进行Eureka注册的配置
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2 # 设置心跳的时间间隔（默认是30秒）
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5 # 如果现在超过了5秒的间隔（默认是90秒）
    instance-id: receive-8803.com  # 在信息列表时显示主机名称
    prefer-ip-address: true     # 访问的路径变为IP地址

③、主启动类

package com.atguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;


@SpringBootApplication
public class StreamMQMain8803
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8803.class,args);
    }
} 

④、业务类

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Sink;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
@EnableBinding(Sink.class)
public class ReceiveMessageListenerController
{
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;


    @StreamListener(Sink.INPUT)
    public void input(Message<String> message)
    {
        System.out.println("消费者2号,----->接受到的消息: "+message.getPayload()+"\t  port: "+serverPort);
    }
}

2、启动

RabbitMQ
服务注册7001
消息生产8801
消息消费8802
消息消费8803

3、运行后两个问题

有重复消费问题，消息持久化问题

4、消费

目前是8802/8803同时都收到了，存在重复消费问题
http://localhost:8801/sendMessage
如何解决？
分组和持久化属性group

5、分组

原理：微服务应用放置于同一个group中，就能够保证消息只会被其中一个应用消费一次。不同的组是可以消费的，同一个组内会发生竞争关系，只有其中一个可以消费。
8802/8803都变成不同组，group两个不同。
group: atguiguA、atguiguB
8802修改YML

group:  atguiguA

8803修改YML

group:  atguiguB

我们自己配置

结论:还是重复消费
8802/8803实现了轮询分组，每次只有一个消费者 8801模块的发的消息只能被8802或8803其中一个接收到，这样避免了重复消费

6、持久化

①、通过上述，解决了重复消费问题，再看看持久化

②、停止8802/8803并去除掉8802的分组group:atguiguA

8803的分组group:atguiguA没有去掉

③、8801先发送4条信息到rabbitmq

④、先启动8802，无分组属性配置，后台没有打出来消息

⑤、先启动8803，有分组属性配置，后台打出来了MQ上的消息

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