Linux系统挂盘、新建分区等（普通盘、EFI GPT盘）

普通盘

# 1、查看磁盘情况，list block
lsblk 
# 2、查看磁盘挂载信息
df -h
# 3、格式化磁盘，其中centos7为xfs格式，centos6为ext4格式
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb
# 4、创建挂载目录
mkdir /data
# 5、将磁盘/dev/vdb挂载到/data下
mount /dev/vdb /data
# 6、查看磁盘挂载后信息
df -h
# 7、查看磁盘UUID，block id
blkid /dev/vdb
sudo lsblk -o NAME,UUID /dev/sdb
# 8、修改ftab（file system table）文件，设置开机自动挂载文件
vim /etc/fstab 
# 9、重新加载ftab文件
mount -a

GPT盘

与普通盘类似，但是要先完成加入分区这一步。
利用parted工具，进入交互式环境：

sudo parted /dev/sdc

执行print指令，查看分区情况：

(parted) print                                                            
Model: zzz
Disk /dev/sdc: 8002GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted) 

初始化整个盘为一个分区：

mkpart primary xfs 0% 100%

mkpart命令解释：
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended
FS-TYPE is one of: btrfs, nilfs2, ext4, ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, swsusp, linux-swap(v1),
linux-swap(v0), ntfs, reiserfs, hp-ufs, sun-ufs, xfs, apfs2, apfs1, asfs, amufs5, amufs4, amufs3, amufs2,
amufs1, amufs0, amufs, affs7, affs6, affs5, affs4, affs3, affs2, affs1, affs0, linux-swap, linux-swap(new),
linux-swap(old)
START and END are disk locations, such as 4GB or 10%. Negative values count from the end of the disk. For
example, -1s specifies exactly the last sector.

    'mkpart' makes a partition without creating a new file system on the partition.  FS-TYPE may be specified to
    set an appropriate partition ID.

再次执行print指令，查看分区情况：

(parted) print                                                            
Model: zzz
Disk /dev/sdc: 8002GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  8002GB  8002GB               primary

可以看到已经初始化完毕，执行quit退出parted工具。

执行lsblk，可以看到sdc已经初始化出来一个分区sdc1：

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdf      8:80   0   7.3T  0 disk 
sdd      8:48   0   7.3T  0 disk 
sdb      8:16   0   7.3T  0 disk 
sdk      8:160  0 446.6G  0 disk 
├─sdk3   8:163  0   100G  0 part /
├─sdk1   8:161  0     2G  0 part /boot/efi
├─sdk4   8:164  0 342.6G  0 part /var
└─sdk2   8:162  0     2G  0 part /boot
sdi      8:128  0   7.3T  0 disk 
sdg      8:96   0   7.3T  0 disk 
sde      8:64   0   7.3T  0 disk 
sdc      8:32   0   7.3T  0 disk 
└─sdc1   8:33   0   7.3T  0 part 
sda      8:0    0   7.3T  0 disk 
sdj      8:144  0   7.3T  0 disk 
sdh      8:112  0   7.3T  0 disk 

接下来流程和普通挂盘一致，如：

mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc1
mount /dev/sdc1 /data

参考:

https://linuxhint.com/creating-and-resizing-xfs-partitions/