C++对象模型

一.单继承的对象模型

class Car
{
public:
    virtual void func1()
    {
        cout << "Car::func1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func2()
    {
        cout << "Car::func2()" << endl;

    }
protected:
    int _c;//种类
};
class Bike :public Car
{
public:
    virtual void func1()
    {
        cout << "Bike::func1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func2()
    {
        cout << "Bike::func2()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func3()
    {
        cout << "Bike::func3()" << endl;
    }
protected:
    int _b;//自行车数量
};

int main()
{
    Car c;
    Bike b;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

通过这种表我们对单继承有个初步的了解，可以看道派生类Bike::func1重写（覆盖）了父类Car::func1，覆盖了虚表函数的位置。

但是我们细心发现，派生类Bike::func3消失了。

我们可以打印函数的地址打开内存看个究竟：

class Car
{
public:
    virtual void func1()
    {
        cout << "Car::func1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func2()
    {
        cout << "Car::func2()" << endl;

    }
protected:
    int _c;//种类
};
class Bike :public Car
{
public:
    virtual void func1()
    {
        cout << "Bike::func1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func2()
    {
        cout << "Bike::func2()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void func3()
    {
        cout << "Bike::func3()" << endl;
    }
protected:
    int _b;//自行车数量
};
typedef void(*FUNC) ();

void PrintfVtable(void *_vfptr)
{
    int *Vtable = (int *)_vfptr;
    printf("虚表的地址Vtable:0x%x\n",Vtable);
    for (size_t i = 0; Vtable[i] != 0; ++i)
    {
        printf("第%d个虚函数的地址:0x%x\n", i, Vtable[i]);
        FUNC f = (FUNC)Vtable[i];
        f();
    }
}
int main()
{
    Car c;
    Bike b;
    int *Vtable1 = (int*)(*((int*)&c));
    int *Vtable2 = (int*)(*((int*)&b));

    PrintfVtable(Vtable1);
    PrintfVtable(Vtable2);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

我们画一下它的对象模型:

三.菱形对象

class AA
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "AA::fun1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funA()
    {
        cout << "AA::funA()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _aa;
};
class BB :public AA
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "BB::funB()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funB()
    {
        cout << "BB::funB()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _bb;

};
class CC :public AA
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "CC::fun1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funC()
    {
        cout << "CC::funC()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _cc;
};
class DD :public BB,public CC
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "DD::fun1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funD()
    {
        cout << "DD::funD()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _dd;
};
typedef void(*FUNC)();

void PrintfVtable(void *_vfptr)
{
         int*Vtable = (int *)_vfptr;
        printf("虚表的地址Vtable:0x%x\n",Vtable);
        for (size_t i = 0; Vtable[i] != 0; ++i)
        {
            printf("第%d个虚函数的地址:0x%x\n", i, Vtable[i]);
            FUNC f = (FUNC)Vtable[i];
            f();
        }   
}
int main()
{
    DD d;
    d.BB::_aa = 0;
    d.CC::_aa = 1;
    d._bb  = 2;
    d._cc = 3;
    d._dd = 4;

    int *Vtable1 = (int*)(*((int*)&d));
    PrintfVtable(Vtable1);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

通过上面我们很清楚的看到有两个虚表分别存放虚函数的地址，第一个存放派生类DD::fun1()的地址和AA::funA();

第二个虚函数存放AA::funA()的地址。这里面就出现菱形继承的问题二义性和数据的冗余的问题。

通过观察内存看到。

三.菱形虚拟继承

在public前面加上关键字virtual:
class AA
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "AA::fun1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funA()
    {
        cout << "AA::funA()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _aa;
};
class BB :virtual public AA
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "BB::funB()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funB()
    {
        cout << "BB::funB()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _bb;

};
class CC :virtual public AA
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "CC::fun1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funC()
    {
        cout << "CC::funC()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _cc;
};
class DD :public BB,public CC
{
public:
    virtual void fun1()
    {
        cout << "DD::fun1()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void funD()
    {
        cout << "DD::funD()" << endl;
    }
public:
    int _dd;
};
typedef void(*FUNC)();

void PrintfVtable(void* _vptr)
{
    int *Vtable = (int*)_vptr;
    printf("虚表的地址)0x%x\n", Vtable);
        for (size_t i = 0; Vtable[i] != 0; ++i)
        {
            printf("第%d个虚函数的地址:0x%x\n", i, Vtable[i]);
            FUNC f = (FUNC)Vtable[i];
            f();
        }   
}
int main()
{
    DD d;
    d.BB::_aa = 0;
    d.CC::_aa = 1;
    d._bb  = 2;
    d._cc = 3;
    d._dd = 4;

    int *Vtable = (int*)(*((int*)&d));
    PrintfVtable(Vtable);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

前面我们也知道菱形继承就是多继承的一种，看到上面也发现多继承与单继承的区别，至于多继承的模型我们下次继续。。。