SpringMVC 详解

MockMvc 
使用之前的MockMvcBuilder.build()得到构建好的MockMvc；这个是mvc测试的核心API，对于该API的使用方式如下： 
Java代码  官网：www.fhadmin.org 收藏代码 
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/1"))  
       .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("user/view"))  
       .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("user"))  
       .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())  
       .andReturn();  
perform：执行一个RequestBuilder请求，会自动执行SpringMVC的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理； 
andExpect：添加ResultMatcher验证规则，验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确； 
andDo：添加ResultHandler结果处理器，比如调试时打印结果到控制台； 
andReturn：最后返回相应的MvcResult；然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步的异步处理； 

另外还提供了以下API： 
setDefaultRequest：设置默认的RequestBuilder，用于在每次perform执行相应的RequestBuilder时自动把该默认的RequestBuilder合并到perform的RequestBuilder中； 
setGlobalResultMatchers：设置全局的预期结果验证规则，如我们通过MockMvc测试多个控制器时，假设它们都想验证某个规则时，就可以使用这个； 
setGlobalResultHandlers：设置全局的ResultHandler结果处理器； 
  
RequestBuilder/MockMvcRequestBuilders 
从名字可以看出，RequestBuilder用来构建请求的，其提供了一个方法buildRequest(ServletContext servletContext)用于构建MockHttpServletRequest；其主要有两个子类MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder（如文件上传使用），即用来Mock客户端请求需要的所有数据。 

MockMvcRequestBuilders主要API： 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder get(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：根据uri模板和uri变量值得到一个GET请求方式的MockHttpServletRequestBuilder；如get("/user/{id}", 1L)； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder post(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：同get类似，但是是POST方法； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder put(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：同get类似，但是是PUT方法； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder delete(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) ：同get类似，但是是DELETE方法； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder options(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：同get类似，但是是OPTIONS方法； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request(HttpMethod httpMethod, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：提供自己的Http请求方法及uri模板和uri变量，如上API都是委托给这个API； 
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder fileUpload(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables)：提供文件上传方式的请求，得到MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder； 
RequestBuilder asyncDispatch(final MvcResult mvcResult)：创建一个从启动异步处理的请求的MvcResult进行异步分派的RequestBuilder； 

接下来再看看MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder API： 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder API： 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder header(String name, Object... values)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder headers(HttpHeaders httpHeaders)：添加头信息； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contentType(MediaType mediaType)：指定请求的contentType头信息； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(MediaType... mediaTypes)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder accept(String... mediaTypes)：指定请求的Accept头信息； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(byte[] content)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder content(String content)：指定请求Body体内容； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder cookie(Cookie... cookies)：指定请求的Cookie； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder locale(Locale locale)：指定请求的Locale； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder characterEncoding(String encoding)：指定请求字符编码； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestAttr(String name, Object value) ：设置请求属性数据； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder sessionAttrs(Map<String, Object> sessionAttributes)：设置请求session属性数据； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttr(String name, Object value)/MockHttpServletRequestBuilder flashAttrs(Map<String, Object> flashAttributes)：指定请求的flash信息，比如重定向后的属性信息； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder session(MockHttpSession session) ：指定请求的Session； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder principal(Principal principal) ：指定请求的Principal； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder contextPath(String contextPath) ：指定请求的上下文路径，必须以“/”开头，且不能以“/”结尾； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder pathInfo(String pathInfo) ：请求的路径信息，必须以“/”开头； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder secure(boolean secure)：请求是否使用安全通道； 
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder with(RequestPostProcessor postProcessor)：请求的后处理器，用于自定义一些请求处理的扩展点； 

MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder继承自MockHttpServletRequestBuilder，又提供了如下API： 
MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(String name, byte[] content)/MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder file(MockMultipartFile file)：指定要上传的文件；