Servlet 01 - 初识

Servlet 01 - 初识

1、把实现了Servlet接口的Java程序叫 Servlet

开发一个Servlet程序，只需完成2个步骤

• 编写一个类，实现Servlet接口
• 把开发好的Java类部署到web服务器中

2、创建HelloServlet

1、新建动态web项目

2、项目命名、配置tomcat

默认，点next

3、选中项目，右键，新建Servlet

一路默认Next，一直到Finish

4、如缺少servlet的jar包，请到Tomcat的lib目录下找：servlet-api.jar

5、配置servers

在Eclipse中打开servers窗口，已经存在的服务删除

为刚创建的动态web项目配置servers

6、配置web.xml

	<!-- 配置和映射servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <!-- Servlet注册的名字 -->
        <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
        <!-- Servlet的全类名 -->
        <servlet-class>com.lion.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <!-- 需要和某一个servlet节点的servlet-name子节点的名称一致 -->
        <servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
        <!-- 映射具体的访问路径：/代表当前web应用的根目录 -->
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

7、启动servers

8、访问项目

网址：http://localhost:Tomcat端口/项目名/映射方法名

我的是：http://localhost:9999/Demo41/login

9、配置自己的404页面

原来的页面

1、新建ErrorServlet

package com.lion.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ErrorServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/ErrorServlet")
public class ErrorServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public ErrorServlet() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//		response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
		response.setContentType("text/html");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
		writer.print("<h1>404报错了 <br />页面不存在</h1>");
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

2、配置web.xml

	<!-- 配置和映射Error的servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.lion.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3、配置后，访问不存在的资源