分布式事务之Seata中间件原理及流程详细分析

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-19 17:48:12 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-02-19 17:48:12 发布

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分类专栏：分布式事务文章标签： seata fescar

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/f4761/article/details/89077400

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背景

在分布式系统中，分布式事务是一个必须要解决的问题，目前使用较多的是最终一致性方案。自年初阿里开源了Fescar（目前更名为Seata）后，该项目受到了极大的关注度。Seata以高性能和零侵入的方式为目标解决微服务领域的分布式事务难题，目前正处于快速迭代中，近期小目标是生产可用的Mysql版本。关于Seata的总体介绍，可以查看官方WIKI获得更多更全面的内容介绍。

本文主要基于spring cloud+spring jpa+spring cloud alibaba fescar+mysql+seata的结构，搭建一个分布式系统的demo，通过seata的debug日志和源代码，从client端（RM、TM）的角度分析说明其工作流程及原理。示例项目的完整代码已提交github，其中代码对应的类都添加了github连接，文中仅贴出关键部分。

示例项目

项目依赖

seata使用XID表示一个分布式事务，XID需要在一次分布式事务请求所涉的系统中进行传递，从而向feacar-server发送分支事务的处理情况，以及接收feacar-server的commit、rollback指令。所以在分布式系统中使用seata要解决XID的传递问题。seata目前支持全版本的dubbo，对于spring cloud的分布式项目社区也提供了相应的实现

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-fescar</artifactId>
</dependency>

该组件实现了基于RestTemplate、Feign通讯时的XID传递功能，详细说明见集成源码深度剖析：Fescar x Spring Cloud
spring-cloud-alibaba-fescar内已包含了fescar-spring的依赖，所以可以不另外引入，查看完整的pom.xml.

业务逻辑

业务逻辑是经典的下订单、扣余额、减库存流程。根据模块划分为三个独立的服务，且分别连接对应的数据库

订单：order-server
账户：account-server
库存：storage-server

另外还有发起分布式事务的业务系统

业务：business-server

项目结构如下图
在这里插入图片描述

配置文件

seata的配置文件入口为registry.conf查看代码ConfigurationFactory得知目前还不能指定该配置文件，所以名称只能为registry.conf

private static final String REGISTRY_CONF = "registry.conf";
    
public static final Configuration FILE_INSTANCE = new FileConfiguration(REGISTRY_CONF);

在registry中可以指定具体配置的形式，这里使用默认的file形式。在file.conf中有3部分配置内容

transport
transport部分的配置对应NettyServerConfig类，用于定义Netty的相关参与，client与server的通信使用的Netty

service

service {
 #vgroup->rgroup
 vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = "default"
 #配置Client连接TC的地址
 default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
 #degrade current not support
 enableDegrade = false
 #disable
 是否启用seata的分布式事务
 disableGlobalTransaction = false
}

//部分代码
public class GlobalTransactionScanner{
	private final boolean disableGlobalTransaction =
	       ConfigurationFactory.getInstance().getBoolean("service.disableGlobalTransaction", false);
	
	public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        if (disableGlobalTransaction) {
            if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
                LOGGER.info("Global transaction is disabled.");
            }
            return;
        }
        initClient();
	}
}

client

 client {
  #RM接收TC的commit通知后缓冲上限
  async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000
  lock {
    retry.internal = 10
    retry.times = 30
  }
}

启动Server

前往https://github.com/seata/seata/releases 下载最新版本的 Fescar Server
解压之后的 bin 目录，执行

./fescar-server.sh 8091 ../data

启动成功输出

2019-04-09 20:27:24.637 INFO [main]c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemotingServer.start:152 -Server started ...

启动Client

对于Spring boot项目，启动运行xxxApplication的main方法即可，seata的加载入口类位于GlobalTransactionAutoConfiguration

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({FescarProperties.class})
public class GlobalTransactionAutoConfiguration {
    private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    private final FescarProperties fescarProperties;

    public GlobalTransactionAutoConfiguration(ApplicationContext applicationContext, FescarProperties fescarProperties) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        this.fescarProperties = fescarProperties;
    }

    @Bean
    public GlobalTransactionScanner globalTransactionScanner() {
        String applicationName = this.applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("spring.application.name");
        String txServiceGroup = this.fescarProperties.getTxServiceGroup();
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(txServiceGroup)) {
            txServiceGroup = applicationName + "-fescar-service-group";
            this.fescarProperties.setTxServiceGroup(txServiceGroup);
        }
		
        return new GlobalTransactionScanner(applicationName, txServiceGroup);
    }
}

可以看到支持一个配置项FescarProperties，用于配置事务分组名称

spring.cloud.alibaba.fescar.tx-service-group=my_test_tx_group

如果不指定则用spring.application.name+ -fescar-service-group生成一个名称，所以不指定spring.application.name启动会报错

@ConfigurationProperties("spring.cloud.alibaba.fescar")
public class FescarProperties {
    private String txServiceGroup;

    public FescarProperties() {
    }

    public String getTxServiceGroup() {
        return this.txServiceGroup;
    }

    public void setTxServiceGroup(String txServiceGroup) {
        this.txServiceGroup = txServiceGroup;
    }
}

有了applicationId和txServiceGroup则创建GlobalTransactionScanner对象，主要看其中的initClient方法

private void initClient() {
    if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.info("Initializing Global Transaction Clients ... ");
    }
    if (StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(applicationId) || StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(txServiceGroup)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "applicationId: " + applicationId + ", txServiceGroup: " + txServiceGroup);
    }
    //init TM
    TMClient.init(applicationId, txServiceGroup);
    if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.info(
            "Transaction Manager Client is initialized. applicationId[" + applicationId + "] txServiceGroup["
                + txServiceGroup + "]");
    }
    //init RM
    RMClient.init(applicationId, txServiceGroup);
    if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.info("Resource Manager is initialized. applicationId[" + applicationId  + "] txServiceGroup["  + txServiceGroup + "]");
    }

    if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.info("Global Transaction Clients are initialized. ");
    }
}

可以看到初始化了TMClient和RMClient，对于一个服务既可以是TM角色也可以是RM角色，至于什么时候是TM或者RM则要看在一次全局事务中@GlobalTransactional注解标注在哪。
Client创建的结果是与TC的一个Netty连接，所以在启动日志中可以看到两个Netty Channel，其中也标明了transactionRole分别为TMROLE和RMROLE

NettyPool create channel to {"address":"127.0.0.1:8091","message":{"applicationId":"order-service","byteBuffer":{"char":"\u0000","direct":false,"double":0.0,"float":0.0,"int":0,"long":0,"readOnly":false,"short":0},"transactionServiceGroup":"hello-service-fescar-service-group","typeCode":101,"version":"0.4.0"},"transactionRole":"TMROLE"}
NettyPool create channel to {"address":"127.0.0.1:8091","message":{"applicationId":"order-service","byteBuffer":{"char":"\u0000","direct":false,"double":0.0,"float":0.0,"int":0,"long":0,"readOnly":false,"short":0},"resourceIds":"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_order?useSSL=false","transactionServiceGroup":"hello-service-fescar-service-group","typeCode":103,"version":"0.4.0"},"transactionRole":"RMROLE"}
Send:RegisterTMRequest{applicationId='order-service', transactionServiceGroup='hello-service-fescar-service-group'}
Send:RegisterRMRequest{resourceIds='jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_order?useSSL=false', applicationId='order-service', transactionServiceGroup='hello-service-fescar-service-group'}
Receive:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null,messageId:2
Receive:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null,messageId:1
com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient@7904cd7c msgId:2, future :com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.MessageFuture@4107849f, body:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null
com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.TmRpcClient@68609034 msgId:1, future :com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.MessageFuture@527cc144, body:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null
register success, cost 28 ms, version:0.4.1,role:TMROLE,channel:[id: 0xf45059d4, L:/127.0.0.1:63533 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091]
register RM success. server version:0.4.1,channel:[id: 0xb7674b6a, L:/127.0.0.1:63534 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091]
register success, cost 37 ms, version:0.4.1,role:RMROLE,channel:[id: 0xb7674b6a, L:/127.0.0.1:63534 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091]

日志中可以看到创建连接后，发送了注册请求，然后得到了结果相应，RmRpcClient、TmRpcClient成功实例化。

TM处理流程

在本例中，TM的角色是business-service,因为BusinessService的purchase方法标注了@GlobalTransactional

@Service
public class BusinessService {

    @Autowired
    private StorageFeignClient storageFeignClient;
    @Autowired
    private OrderFeignClient orderFeignClient;

    @GlobalTransactional
    public void purchase(String userId, String commodityCode, int orderCount){
        storageFeignClient.deduct(commodityCode, orderCount);

        orderFeignClient.create(userId, commodityCode, orderCount);
    }
}

GET请求127.0.0.1:8084/purchaseuserId=1001&commodityCode=2001&orderCount=1看看会发生什么

全局事务开启
首先需要关注的是@GlobalTransactional注解的作用，它是在GlobalTransactionalInterceptor中被拦截处理

//部分代码
public class GlobalTransactionalInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
	@Override
    public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        Class<?> targetClass = (methodInvocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(methodInvocation.getThis()) : null);
        Method specificMethod = ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(methodInvocation.getMethod(), targetClass);
        final Method method = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(specificMethod);

		//获取方法GlobalTransactional注解
        final GlobalTransactional globalTransactionalAnnotation = getAnnotation(method, GlobalTransactional.class);
        final GlobalLock globalLockAnnotation = getAnnotation(method, GlobalLock.class);
        
        //如果方法有GlobalTransactional注解，则进行相应处理
        if (globalTransactionalAnnotation != null) {
            return handleGlobalTransaction(methodInvocation, globalTransactionalAnnotation);
        } else if (globalLockAnnotation != null) {
            return handleGlobalLock(methodInvocation);
        } else {
            return methodInvocation.proceed();
        }
    }
    
    //调用了TransactionalTemplate
	private Object handleGlobalTransaction(final MethodInvocation methodInvocation,
                                           final GlobalTransactional globalTrxAnno) throws Throwable {
        try {
            return transactionalTemplate.execute(new TransactionalExecutor() {
                @Override
                public Object execute() throws Throwable {
                    return methodInvocation.proceed();
                }

                @Override
                public int timeout() {
                    return globalTrxAnno.timeoutMills();
                }

                @Override
                public String name() {
                    String name = globalTrxAnno.name();
                    if (!StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(name)) {
                        return name;
                    }
                    return formatMethod(methodInvocation.getMethod());
                }
            });
        } catch (TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException e) {
            TransactionalExecutor.Code code = e.getCode();
            switch (code) {
                case RollbackDone:
                    throw e.getOriginalException();
                case BeginFailure:
                    failureHandler.onBeginFailure(e.getTransaction(), e.getCause());
                    throw e.getCause();
                case CommitFailure:
                    failureHandler.onCommitFailure(e.getTransaction(), e.getCause());
                    throw e.getCause();
                case RollbackFailure:
                    failureHandler.onRollbackFailure(e.getTransaction(), e.getCause());
                    throw e.getCause();
                default:
                    throw new ShouldNeverHappenException("Unknown TransactionalExecutor.Code: " + code);
            }
        }
    }
}

TransactionalTemplate定义了TM对全局事务处理的标准步骤，注释写的比较清楚了

public class TransactionalTemplate {
	public Object execute(TransactionalExecutor business) throws TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException {

        // 1. get or create a transaction
        GlobalTransaction tx = GlobalTransactionContext.getCurrentOrCreate();

        try {

            // 2. begin transaction
            try {
                triggerBeforeBegin();
                tx.begin(business.timeout(), business.name());
                triggerAfterBegin();
            } catch (TransactionException txe) {
                throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, txe,
                    TransactionalExecutor.Code.BeginFailure);

            }
            Object rs = null;
            try {

                // Do Your Business
                rs = business.execute();

            } catch (Throwable ex) {

                // 3. any business exception, rollback.
                try {
                    triggerBeforeRollback();
                    tx.rollback();
                    triggerAfterRollback();
                    // 3.1 Successfully rolled back
                    throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, TransactionalExecutor.Code.RollbackDone, ex);

                } catch (TransactionException txe) {
                    // 3.2 Failed to rollback
                    throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, txe,
                        TransactionalExecutor.Code.RollbackFailure, ex);
                }
            }
            // 4. everything is fine, commit.
            try {
                triggerBeforeCommit();
                tx.commit();
                triggerAfterCommit();
            } catch (TransactionException txe) {
                // 4.1 Failed to commit
                throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, txe,
                    TransactionalExecutor.Code.CommitFailure);
            }

            return rs;
        } finally {
            //5. clear
            triggerAfterCompletion();
            cleanUp();
        }
    }
}

其中DefaultGlobalTransaction的begin方法就是开启全局事务


@Override
public void begin(int timeout, String name) throws TransactionException {
    //此处的角色判断有关键的作用
    //表明当前是全局事务的发起者（Launcher）还是参与者（Participant）
    //如果在分布式事务的下游系统方法中也加上GlobalTransactional注解
    //那么它的角色就是Participant，即会忽略后面的begin就退出了
    //而判断是发起者（Launcher）还是参与者（Participant）是根据当前上下文是否已存在XID来判断
    //没有XID的就是Launcher，已经存在XID的就是Participant
    if (role != GlobalTransactionRole.Launcher) {
        check();
        if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
            LOGGER.debug("Ignore Begin(): just involved in global transaction [" + xid + "]");
        }
        return;
    }
    if (xid != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException();
    }
    if (RootContext.getXID() != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException();
    }
    //具体开启事务的方法，获取TC返回的XID
    xid = transactionManager.begin(null, null, name, timeout);
    status = GlobalStatus.Begin;
    RootContext.bind(xid);
    if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
        LOGGER.debug("Begin a NEW global transaction [" + xid + "]");
    }
}

DefaultTransactionManager负责TM与TC通讯，发送begin、commit、rollback指令

@Override
public String begin(String applicationId, String transactionServiceGroup, String name, int timeout)
    throws TransactionException {
    GlobalBeginRequest request = new GlobalBeginRequest();
    request.setTransactionName(name);
    request.setTimeout(timeout);
    GlobalBeginResponse response = (GlobalBeginResponse)syncCall(request);
    return response.getXid();
}

至此拿到TC返回的XID一个全局事务就开启了，日志中也反应了上述流程

2019-04-09 13:46:57.417 DEBUG 31326 --- [nio-8084-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : offer message: timeout=60000,transactionName=purchase(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int)
2019-04-09 13:46:57.417 DEBUG 31326 --- [geSend_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : write message:FescarMergeMessage timeout=60000,transactionName=purchase(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int), channel:[id: 0xa148545e, L:/127.0.0.1:56120 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091],active?true,writable?true,isopen?true
2019-04-09 13:46:57.418 DEBUG 31326 --- [lector_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Send:FescarMergeMessage timeout=60000,transactionName=purchase(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int)
2019-04-09 13:46:57.421 DEBUG 31326 --- [lector_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Receive:MergeResultMessage com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.transaction.GlobalBeginResponse@2dc480dc,messageId:1196
2019-04-09 13:46:57.421 DEBUG 31326 --- [nio-8084-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.context.RootContext      : bind 192.168.224.93:8091:2008502699
2019-04-09 13:46:57.421 DEBUG 31326 --- [nio-8084-exec-1] c.a.f.tm.api.DefaultGlobalTransaction    : Begin a NEW global transaction [192.168.224.93:8091:2008502699]

全局事务创建后，就开始执行business.execute()，即业务代码storageFeignClient.deduct(commodityCode, orderCount);进入RM处理流程

RM处理流程

@GetMapping(path = "/deduct")
public Boolean deduct(String commodityCode, Integer count){
    storageService.deduct(commodityCode,count);
    return true;
}

@Transactional
public void deduct(String commodityCode, int count){
    Storage storage = storageDAO.findByCommodityCode(commodityCode);
    storage.setCount(storage.getCount()-count);

    storageDAO.save(storage);

    if (count == 5){
        throw new RuntimeException("storage branch exception");
    }
}

storage的接口和service方法并未出现seata相关的代码和注解，那么它是如何加入到这次全局事务中的呢，答案是ConnectionProxy中，这也是前面说为什么必须要使用DataSourceProxy的原因，通过DataSourceProxy才能在业务代码的事务提交时，seata通过这个切入点，来给TC发送rm的处理结果

由于业务代码本身的事务提交被ConnectionProxy代理，所以在提交本地事务时，实际执行的是ConnectionProxy的commit方法

//部分代码
public class ConnectionProxy extends AbstractConnectionProxy {
	@Override
    public void commit() throws SQLException {
    	//如果当前是全局事务，则执行全局事务的提交
    	//判断是不是全局事务，就是看当前上下文是否存在XID
        if (context.inGlobalTransaction()) {
            processGlobalTransactionCommit();
        } else if (context.isGlobalLockRequire()) {
            processLocalCommitWithGlobalLocks();
        } else {
            targetConnection.commit();
        }
    }
    
	private void processGlobalTransactionCommit() throws SQLException {
        try {
        	//首先是向TC注册RM，拿到TC分配的branchId
            register();
        } catch (TransactionException e) {
            recognizeLockKeyConflictException(e);
        }

        try {
            if (context.hasUndoLog()) {
            	//写入undolog
                UndoLogManager.flushUndoLogs(this);
            }
			
			//提交本地事务，可以看到写入undolog和业务数据是在同一个本地事务中
            targetConnection.commit();
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
        	//向TC发送rm的事务处理失败的通知
            report(false);
            if (ex instanceof SQLException) {
                throw new SQLException(ex);
            }
        }
		//向TC发送rm的事务处理成功的通知
        report(true);
        context.reset();
    }
    
    //注册RM，构建request通过netty向TC发送指令
    //将返回的branchId存在上下文中
	private void register() throws TransactionException {
        Long branchId = DefaultResourceManager.get().branchRegister(BranchType.AT, getDataSourceProxy().getResourceId(),
                null, context.getXid(), null, context.buildLockKeys());
        context.setBranchId(branchId);
    }
}

通过日志印证一下上面的流程

2019-04-09 21:57:48.341 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.c.a.f.web.FescarHandlerInterceptor   : xid in RootContext null xid in RpcContext 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211
2019-04-09 21:57:48.341 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.context.RootContext      : bind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211
2019-04-09 21:57:48.341 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.c.a.f.web.FescarHandlerInterceptor   : bind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211 to RootContext
2019-04-09 21:57:48.386  INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.h.h.i.QueryTranslatorFactoryInitiator  : HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Hibernate: select storage0_.id as id1_0_, storage0_.commodity_code as commodit2_0_, storage0_.count as count3_0_ from storage_tbl storage0_ where storage0_.commodity_code=?
Hibernate: update storage_tbl set count=? where id=?
2019-04-09 21:57:48.673  INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient    : will connect to 192.168.0.2:8091
2019-04-09 21:57:48.673  INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient    : RM will register :jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false
2019-04-09 21:57:48.673  INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory   : NettyPool create channel to {"address":"192.168.0.2:8091","message":{"applicationId":"storage-service","byteBuffer":{"char":"\u0000","direct":false,"double":0.0,"float":0.0,"int":0,"long":0,"readOnly":false,"short":0},"resourceIds":"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false","transactionServiceGroup":"hello-service-fescar-service-group","typeCode":103,"version":"0.4.0"},"transactionRole":"RMROLE"}
2019-04-09 21:57:48.677 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Send:RegisterRMRequest{resourceIds='jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false', applicationId='storage-service', transactionServiceGroup='hello-service-fescar-service-group'}
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Receive:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null,messageId:9
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient@7d61f5d4 msgId:9, future :com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.MessageFuture@186cd3e0, body:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680  INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient    : register RM success. server version:0.4.1,channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091]
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680  INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory   : register success, cost 3 ms, version:0.4.1,role:RMROLE,channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091]
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : offer message: transactionId=2008546211,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,lockKey=storage_tbl:1
2019-04-09 21:57:48.681 DEBUG 38933 --- [geSend_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : write message:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,lockKey=storage_tbl:1, channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091],active?true,writable?true,isopen?true
2019-04-09 21:57:48.681 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Send:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,lockKey=storage_tbl:1
2019-04-09 21:57:48.687 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Receive:MergeResultMessage BranchRegisterResponse: transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,result code =Success,getMsg =null,messageId:11
2019-04-09 21:57:48.702 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.rm.datasource.undo.UndoLogManager  : Flushing UNDO LOG: {"branchId":2008546212,"sqlUndoLogs":[{"afterImage":{"rows":[{"fields":[{"keyType":"PrimaryKey","name":"id","type":4,"value":1},{"keyType":"NULL","name":"count","type":4,"value":993}]}],"tableName":"storage_tbl"},"beforeImage":{"rows":[{"fields":[{"keyType":"PrimaryKey","name":"id","type":4,"value":1},{"keyType":"NULL","name":"count","type":4,"value":994}]}],"tableName":"storage_tbl"},"sqlType":"UPDATE","tableName":"storage_tbl"}],"xid":"192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211"}
2019-04-09 21:57:48.755 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : offer message: transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,resourceId=null,status=PhaseOne_Done,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:48.755 DEBUG 38933 --- [geSend_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : write message:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,resourceId=null,status=PhaseOne_Done,applicationData=null, channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091],active?true,writable?true,isopen?true
2019-04-09 21:57:48.756 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Send:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,resourceId=null,status=PhaseOne_Done,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:48.758 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Receive:MergeResultMessage com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.transaction.BranchReportResponse@582a08cf,messageId:13
2019-04-09 21:57:48.799 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.context.RootContext      : unbind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211
2019-04-09 21:57:48.799 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.c.a.f.web.FescarHandlerInterceptor   : unbind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211 from RootContext

获取business-service传来的XID
绑定XID到当前上下文中
执行业务逻辑sql
向TC创建本次RM的Netty连接
向TC发送分支事务的相关信息
获得TC返回的branchId
记录Undo Log数据
向TC发送本次事务PhaseOne阶段的处理结果
从当前上下文中解绑XID

其中第1步和第9步，是在FescarHandlerInterceptor中完成的，该类并不属于seata，而是spring-cloud-alibaba-fescar中对feign、rest支持的实现。bind和unbind XID到上下文中。到这里RM完成了PhaseOne阶段的工作，接着看PhaseTwo阶段的处理逻辑。

事务提交

由于这次请求是正常流程无异常的，所以分支事务会正常commit。
在storage-service启动时创建了与TC通讯的Netty连接，TC在获取各RM的汇报结果后，就会给各RM发送commit或rollback的指令

2019-04-09 21:57:49.813 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Receive:xid=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,applicationData=null,messageId:1
2019-04-09 21:57:49.813 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient@7d61f5d4 msgId:1, body:xid=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.814  INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] c.a.f.core.rpc.netty.RmMessageListener   : onMessage:xid=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.816  INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] com.alibaba.fescar.rm.AbstractRMHandler  : Branch committing: 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211 2008546212 jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.816  INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] com.alibaba.fescar.rm.AbstractRMHandler  : Branch commit result: PhaseTwo_Committed
2019-04-09 21:57:49.817  INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient    : RmRpcClient sendResponse branchStatus=PhaseTwo_Committed,result code =Success,getMsg =null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.817 DEBUG 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting    : send response:branchStatus=PhaseTwo_Committed,result code =Success,getMsg =null,channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091]
2019-04-09 21:57:49.817 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler    : Send:branchStatus=PhaseTwo_Committed,result code =Success,getMsg =null

从日志中可以看到

收到XID=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212的commit通知
执行commit动作
将commit结果发送给TC，branchStatus为PhaseTwo_Committed

具体看下执行commit的过程，在AbstractRMHandler类的doBranchCommit方法之前是接收TC消息包装处理路由的过程

//拿到通知的xid、branchId等关键参数
//然后调用RM的branchCommit
protected void doBranchCommit(BranchCommitRequest request, BranchCommitResponse response) throws TransactionException {
    String xid = request.getXid();
    long branchId = request.getBranchId();
    String resourceId = request.getResourceId();
    String applicationData = request.getApplicationData();
    LOGGER.info("Branch committing: " + xid + " " + branchId + " " + resourceId + " " + applicationData);
    BranchStatus status = getResourceManager().branchCommit(request.getBranchType(), xid, branchId, resourceId, applicationData);
    response.setBranchStatus(status);
    LOGGER.info("Branch commit result: " + status);
}

最终会将branceCommit的请求调用到AsyncWorker的branchCommit方法。AsyncWorker的处理方式是seata架构的一个关键部分，大部分事务都是会正常提交的，所以在PhaseOne阶段就已经结束了，这样就可以将锁最快的释放。PhaseTwo阶段接收commit的指令后，异步处理即可。将PhaseTwo的时间消耗排除在一次分布式事务之外。

//部分代码
public class AsyncWorker implements ResourceManagerInbound {

	private static final List<Phase2Context> ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER = Collections.synchronizedList(
        new ArrayList<Phase2Context>());
        
    //将需要提交的XID加入list
	@Override
    public BranchStatus branchCommit(BranchType branchType, String xid, long branchId, String resourceId, String applicationData) throws TransactionException {
        if (ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.size() < ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER_LIMIT) {
            ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.add(new Phase2Context(branchType, xid, branchId, resourceId, applicationData));
        } else {
            LOGGER.warn("Async commit buffer is FULL. Rejected branch [" + branchId + "/" + xid + "] will be handled by housekeeping later.");
        }
        return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_Committed;
    }
	
	//通过一个定时任务消费list中的待提交XID
	public synchronized void init() {
        LOGGER.info("Async Commit Buffer Limit: " + ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER_LIMIT);
        timerExecutor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1,
            new NamedThreadFactory("AsyncWorker", 1, true));
        timerExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    doBranchCommits();
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    LOGGER.info("Failed at async committing ... " + e.getMessage());
                }
            }
        }, 10, 1000 * 1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
	
	private void doBranchCommits() {
        if (ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.size() == 0) {
            return;
        }
        Map<String, List<Phase2Context>> mappedContexts = new HashMap<>();
        Iterator<Phase2Context> iterator = ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.iterator();
        
        //一次定时任务取出ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER中的所有待办数据
        //以resourceId作为key分组待办数据，resourceId就是一个数据库的连接url
        //在前面的日志中可以看到，目的是为了覆盖应用的多数据源问题
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Phase2Context commitContext = iterator.next();
            List<Phase2Context> contextsGroupedByResourceId = mappedContexts.get(commitContext.resourceId);
            if (contextsGroupedByResourceId == null) {
                contextsGroupedByResourceId = new ArrayList<>();
                mappedContexts.put(commitContext.resourceId, contextsGroupedByResourceId);
            }
            contextsGroupedByResourceId.add(commitContext);

            iterator.remove();

        }

        for (Map.Entry<String, List<Phase2Context>> entry : mappedContexts.entrySet()) {
            Connection conn = null;
            try {
                try {
                	//根据resourceId获取数据源以及连接
                    DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy = DataSourceManager.get().get(entry.getKey());
                    conn = dataSourceProxy.getPlainConnection();
                } catch (SQLException sqle) {
                    LOGGER.warn("Failed to get connection for async committing on " + entry.getKey(), sqle);
                    continue;
                }
                List<Phase2Context> contextsGroupedByResourceId = entry.getValue();
                for (Phase2Context commitContext : contextsGroupedByResourceId) {
                    try {
                    	//执行undolog的处理，即删除xid、branchId对应的记录
                        UndoLogManager.deleteUndoLog(commitContext.xid, commitContext.branchId, conn);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        LOGGER.warn(
                            "Failed to delete undo log [" + commitContext.branchId + "/" + commitContext.xid + "]", ex);
                    }
                }

            } finally {
                if (conn != null) {
                    try {
                        conn.close();
                    } catch (SQLException closeEx) {
                        LOGGER.warn("Failed to close JDBC resource while deleting undo_log ", closeEx);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

所以对于commit动作的处理，RM只需删除xid、branchId对应的undolog既可

事务回滚

对于rollback场景的触发有两种情况，

分支事务处理异常，即ConnectionProxy中report(false)的情况
TM捕获到下游系统上抛的异常，即发起全局事务标有@GlobalTransactional注解的方法捕获到的异常。在前面TransactionalTemplate类的execute模版方法中，对business.execute()的调用进行了catch，catch后会调用rollback，由TM通知TC对应XID需要回滚事务

public void rollback() throws TransactionException {
   //只有Launcher能发起这个rollback
   if (role == GlobalTransactionRole.Participant) {
       // Participant has no responsibility of committing
       if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
           LOGGER.debug("Ignore Rollback(): just involved in global transaction [" + xid + "]");
       }
       return;
   }
   if (xid == null) {
       throw new IllegalStateException();
   }

   status = transactionManager.rollback(xid);
   if (RootContext.getXID() != null) {
       if (xid.equals(RootContext.getXID())) {
           RootContext.unbind();
       }
   }

}

TC汇总后向参与者发送rollback指令，RM在AbstractRMHandler类的doBranchRollback方法中接收这个rollback的通知

protected void doBranchRollback(BranchRollbackRequest request, BranchRollbackResponse response) throws TransactionException {
    String xid = request.getXid();
    long branchId = request.getBranchId();
    String resourceId = request.getResourceId();
    String applicationData = request.getApplicationData();
    LOGGER.info("Branch rolling back: " + xid + " " + branchId + " " + resourceId);
    BranchStatus status = getResourceManager().branchRollback(request.getBranchType(), xid, branchId, resourceId, applicationData);
    response.setBranchStatus(status);
    LOGGER.info("Branch rollback result: " + status);
}

然后将rollback请求传递到DataSourceManager类的branchRollback方法

public BranchStatus branchRollback(BranchType branchType, String xid, long branchId, String resourceId, String applicationData) throws TransactionException {
    //根据resourceId获取对应的数据源
    DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy = get(resourceId);
    if (dataSourceProxy == null) {
        throw new ShouldNeverHappenException();
    }
    try {
        UndoLogManager.undo(dataSourceProxy, xid, branchId);
    } catch (TransactionException te) {
        if (te.getCode() == TransactionExceptionCode.BranchRollbackFailed_Unretriable) {
            return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_RollbackFailed_Unretryable;
        } else {
            return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_RollbackFailed_Retryable;
        }
    }
    return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_Rollbacked;

}

最终会执行UndoLogManager类的undo方法，因为是纯jdbc操作代码比较长就不贴出来了，可以通过连接到github查看，说一下undo的具体流程

根据xid和branchId查找PhaseOne阶段提交的undolog
如果找到了就根据undolog中记录的数据生成回放sql并执行，即还原PhaseOne阶段修改的数据
第2步处理完后，删除该条undolog数据
如果第1步没有找到对应的undolog，就插入一条状态为GlobalFinished的undolog.
出现没找到的原因可能是PhaseOne阶段的本地事务异常了，导致没有正常写入。因为xid和branchId是唯一索引，所以第4步的插入，可以防止PhaseOne阶段后续又写入成功，那么PhaseOne阶段就会异常，这样业务数据也是没有提交成功的，数据最终是回滚了的效果

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