hibernate 一对多，多对一 mappedBy用法详解

package  oneToMany; 
import  java.util.Set; 
import  javax.persistence.*; 
/* 
注意导入时，是导入：import javax.persistence.*;    
非导入org.hibernate的相关类：import org.hibernate.annotations.Entity; 
*/  
@Entity 
@Table(name= "classes" ) 
public   class  Classes  implements  Serializable { 
  @Id 

  @Column(name = "CID")
  @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) 
   private   int  id; 
   private  String name; 
    
  @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL,mappedBy= "classes" )    //mappedBy内的意思是不维护级联关系  则由student 一方维护
   private  Set<Student> students; 
//getter,setter省略 
} 


package  oneToMany; 
import  javax.persistence.*; 
@Entity 
@Table(name= "student" ) 
public   class  Student  implements  Serializable  { 
  @Id 

  @Column(name = "SID")
  @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) 
   private   int  sid; 
    
   private  String sname; 
    
   //若有多个cascade，可以是：{CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.MERGE} 
  @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL})         
  @JoinColumn(name= "classid",referencedColumnName="CID" )      //设置student表中对应Class表中的主键的外键属性：classid  默认为主键 相当于student表有一个外键为：classid 指向Classes表的主键
   private  Classes classes; 
//getter,setter省略 
} 


public   class  TestOneToMany { 
/* 
CREATE TABLE    student (    --要定义外键!!!!!!! 
    `sid` double NOT NULL auto_increment, 
    `classid` double NULL, 
    `sname` varchar(255) NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY    (sid), 
    INDEX par_ind (classid), 
    FOREIGN KEY (classid) REFERENCES classes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE 
) ENGINE=InnoDB 
*/     
   public   static   void  main(String[] args)  throws  SQLException    
  { 
     try  
    { 
      SessionFactory sf =  new  AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); 
      Session session=sf.openSession(); 
      Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();         

/*

因为mappedBy是定义在classes中,即classes类不负责维护级联关系.即维护者是student.所以,

1.要将clsses的数据,赋给student,即用student的setClasses()方法去捆定class数据;

2.在进行数据插入/更新session.save()/session.update()时,最后操作的是student.

*/
      Classes classes= new Classes(); 
      classes.setName( "access"); 
        
      Student st1= new Student(); 
      st1.setSname( "jason"); 
      st1.setClasses(classes); 
      session.save(st1); 
        
      Student st2= new Student(); 
      st2.setSname( "hwj"); 
      st2.setClasses(classes); 
      session.save(st2); 
      tx.commit();

/* 

输出如下:

Hibernate: insert into classes (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into student (classid, sname) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into student (classid, sname) values (?, ?)

*/

/*

因为一端维护关系另一端不维护关系的原因，我们必须注意避免在应用中用不维护关系的类(class)建立关系，因为这样建立的关系是不会在数据库中存储的。

如上的代码倒过来,则插入时,student的外键值为空.如下:

*/

//      Student st1=new Student(); 
//      st1.setSname("jason"); 
//      session.save(st1); 
//        
//      Student st2=new Student(); 
//      st2.setSname("hwj"); 
//      session.save(st2); 
//        
//      Set<Student> students=new HashSet<Student>(); 
//      students.add(st1); 
//      students.add(st2); 
//        
//      Classes classes=new Classes(); 
//      classes.setName("access"); 
//      classes.setStudents(students); 
//      session.save(classes); 

/*

输出如下:
Hibernate: insert into student (classid, sname) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into student (classid, sname) values (?, ?)

Hibernate: insert into classes (name) values (?)

*/
    } 
     catch(HibernateException e) 
    { 
      e.printStackTrace();        
    } 
  } 
}