COCA单词整理（1-1000）

state

/steɪt/

1. N- COUNT You can refer to countries as states, particularly when you are discussing politics. • Mexico is a secular state and does not have diplomatic relations with the Vatican.
   墨西哥是个非宗教国家，和梵蒂冈没有外交关系。
2. N-COUNT Some large countries such as the U.S. are divided into smaller areas called states. (美国等大国的) 州
   • Leaders of the Southern states are meeting in Louisville.
   南部各州的领导人们正在路易斯维尔会晤。
3. N-PROPER The U.S. is sometimes referred to as the States. 美国
   • She bought it last year in the States.
   她去年在美国买了它。

own

/əʊn/

1. ADJ You use own to indicate that something belongs to a particular person or thing. 自己的
   • My wife decided I should have my own shop.
   我妻子决定我应该有自己的店铺。
   • He could no longer trust his own judgement.
   他再也不相信自己的判断了。
2. PRON Own is also a pronoun. 自己的
   • He saw the major’s face a few inches from his own.
   他看到少校的脸离他自己的脸只有几英寸。
3. ADJ You use own to indicate that something is used by, or is characteristic of, only one person, thing, or group. 自己独有的
   • Jennifer insisted on her own room.
   詹尼弗坚持要自己专用的房间。
   • Each nation has its own peculiarities when it comes to doing business.
   说到做生意，每个民族都有它自己独有的一些特性。

case

/keɪs/

1. N-COUNT A particular case is a particular situation or incident, especially one that you are using as an individual example or instance of something. 情况
   • Surgical training takes at least nine years, or 11 in the case of obstetrics.
   外科培训至少需要9年，产科则要11年。
   • In extreme cases, insurance companies can prosecute for fraud.
   在极个别情况下，保险公司会起诉骗保行为。
2. N-COUNT A case is a person or their particular problem that a doctor, social worker, or other professional is dealing with. 案例
   • Dr. Thomas Bracken describes the case of a 45-year-old Catholic priest much given to prayer whose left knee became painful.
   托马斯·布拉肯医生描述了那个病例：一名45岁天主教牧师由于经常祈祷导致左膝疼痛。
   • Some cases of arthritis respond to a gluten-free diet.
   不含谷蛋白的饮食对一些关节炎病例有疗效。
3. N-COUNT If you say that someone is a sad case or a hopeless case, you mean that they are in a sad situation or a hopeless situation. (处于某种状况的) 人
   • I knew I was going to make it – that I wasn’t a hopeless case.
   我知道自己能行–我不是无药可救的人。

program

/‘prəʊɡræm/

1. V-T When you program a machine or system, you set its controls so that it will work in a particular way. 设定 (机器、系统等的) 程序
   • Parents can program the machine not to turn on at certain times.
   父母可设定机器在某些时候不启动。
2. N-COUNT A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows in order to perform a particular task. (计算机) 程序
   • The chances of an error occurring in a computer program increase with the size of the program.
   计算机程序出错的几率随程序的增大而增高。
3. V-T When you program a computer, you give it a set of instructions to make it able to perform a particular task. 给 (计算机) 编程
   • He programmed his computer to compare the 1,431 possible combinations of pairs in this population.
   他给他的计算机编了程来比较这些人中1431种可能的成对组合。
   • …45 million people, about half of whom can program their own computers.
   4500万人，其中约有一半会给他们自己的计算机编程。

point

/pɔɪnt/

1. N-COUNT You use point to refer to something that someone has said or written. 看法
   • We disagree with every point she makes.
   我们不同意她提出的任何观点。
   • The following account will clearly illustrate this point.
   以下的陈述将清楚地阐明这一看法。
2. N-SING If you say that someone has a point, or if you take their point, you mean that you accept that what they have said is important and should be considered. 重要性
   • “If he’d already killed once, surely he’d have killed Sarah?” She had a point there.
   “如果他已经杀过一次人，莎拉就一定是他杀的了吗？”她这句话有道理。
3. N-SING The point of what you are saying or discussing is the most important part that provides a reason or explanation for the rest. 要点
   • “Did I ask you to talk to me?”—“That’s not the point.”
   “我要你跟我说了吗？”—“问题不在这儿。”
4. V-I If you point at a person or thing, you hold out your finger toward them in order to make someone notice them. (用手指) 指向
   • I pointed at the boy sitting nearest me.
   我指了指坐得离我最近的那个男孩。
   • He pointed at me with the stem of his pipe.
   他用他的烟斗柄指着我。
5. V-T If you point something at someone, you aim the tip or end of it toward them. 对准
   • David pointed his finger at Mary.
   戴维手指着玛丽。

hold

/həʊld/

1. V-T When you hold something, you carry or support it, using your hands or your arms. 拿着; 托住
   • Hold the knife at an angle.
   斜握着刀。
2. N-COUNT Hold is also a noun. 拿; 托住
   • He released his hold on the camera.
   他松开了握着照相机的手。
3. N-UNCOUNT Hold is used in expressions such as grab hold of, catch hold of, and get hold of, to indicate that you close your hand tightly around something, for example to stop something moving or falling. 抓住
   • I was woken up by someone grabbing hold of my sleeping bag.
   有人抓住我的睡袋把我弄醒了。
   • A doctor and a nurse caught hold of his arms.
   一名医生和一名护士抓住了他的双臂。
4. V-T When you hold someone, you put your arms around them, usually because you want to show them how much you like them or because you want to comfort them. (常因想表示喜爱和安慰而) 抱住
   • If only he would hold her close to him.
   他要是紧紧抱住她就好了。

issue

/ˈɪʃuː/

1. N-COUNT An issue is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing. 议题
   • Agents will raise the issue of prize-money for next year’s world championships.
   代理商们会提出明年世界锦标赛的奖金问题。
   • A key issue for higher education in the 1990s is the need for greater diversity of courses.
   20世纪90年代高等教育的一个关键问题是需要使课程更加多样化。
2. N-SING If something is the issue, it is the thing you consider to be the most important part of a situation or discussion. 要点
   • I was earning a lot of money, but that was not the issue.
   我是挣着很多钱，但那不是问题的关键。
   • Do not draw it on the chart, however, as this will confuse the issue.
   但是不要把它画在图表上，因为这将使要点模糊不清。
3. N-COUNT An issue of something such as a magazine or newspaper is the version of it that is published, for example, in a particular month or on a particular day. (杂志或报刊的) 期
   • The growing problem is underlined in the latest issue of the Scientific American.
   这一日益严重的问题在最新一期的《科学美国人》上得到强调。
4. V-T If you issue a statement or a warning, you make it known formally or publicly. 发表 (声明); 发出 (警告)
   • Last night he issued a statement denying the allegations.
   昨天晚上，他发表了一项声明否认那些说法。
   • The government issued a warning that the strikers should end their action or face dismissal.
   该政府发出了警告，罢工者们应停止他们的行动，否则将被免职。

service

/ˈsɜːvɪs/

1. N-COUNT A service is something that the public needs, such as transportation, communications facilities, hospitals, or energy supplies, which is provided in a planned and organized way by the government or an official body. 公共服务机构; 公共服务系统
   • The postal service has been trying to cut costs.
   邮政系统一直在试图削减成本。
   • We have started a campaign for better nursery and school services.
   我们已开展了一场运动，以改善幼儿园和学校的服务。
2. N-COUNT You can sometimes refer to an organization or private company as a particular service when it provides something for the public or acts on behalf of the government. 官方机构; 政府的行政部门
   • The Agriculture Department has ultimate control over the Forest Service.
   农业部对林务局有最终控制权。
3. N-COUNT If an organization or company provides a particular service, they can do a particular job or a type of work for you. 服务; 服务项目
   • The kitchen maintains a twenty-four hour service and can be contacted via reception.
   厨房提供24小时服务，可通过接待处联系。

yet

/jet/

1. ADV You use yet in negative statements to indicate that something has not happened up to the present time, although it probably will happen. You can also use yet in questions to ask if something has happened up to the present time. 尚 (用于否定句); 已经 (用于疑问句)
   • They haven’t finished yet.
   他们还没有结束。
   • No decision has yet been made.
   尚未作出决定。
   • She hasn’t yet set a date for her marriage.
   她尚未定下她结婚的日子。
2. ADV You use yet with a negative statement when you are talking about the past, to report something that was not the case then, although it became the case later. (当时) 还 (用于否定句)
   • There was so much that Sam didn’t know yet.
   有那么多萨姆当时还不知道的。
3. ADV If you say that something should not or cannot be done yet, you mean that it should not or cannot be done now, although it will have to be done at a later time. (此时) 还 (用于否定句)
   • Don’t get up yet.
   还别起床。
   • The hostages cannot go home just yet.
   人质们这时还不能回家。
4. ADV You use yet after a superlative to indicate, for example, that something is the worst or the best of its kind up to the present time. 迄今 (最…)
   • This is the network’s worst idea yet.
   这是到目前为止该网络最糟糕的点子。
   • Her latest novel is her best yet.
   她的最新小说是到目前为止她的最好的小说。
5. ADV You can use yet to say that there is still a possibility that something will happen. 仍 (用以表示某事仍有发生的可能性)
   • Like the best stories, this one may yet have a happy ending.
   像那些最好的故事一样，这个故事可能仍有个幸福的结局。

line

/laɪn/

1. N-COUNT A line is a long thin mark which is drawn or painted on a surface. 线
   • Draw a line down that page’s centre.
   沿着那一页的中心向下画一条线。
   • …a dotted line.
   …一条虚线。
2. N-COUNT The lines on someone’s skin, especially on their face, are long thin marks that appear there as they grow older. 皱纹
   • He has a large, generous face with deep lines.
   他宽大的面庞上带着很深的皱纹。
3. N-COUNT A line of people or things is a number of them arranged one behind the other or side by side. (一) 排
   • The sparse line of spectators noticed nothing unusual.
   稀稀疏疏的一排观众并没注意到什么特别之处。

ever

1. ADV Ever means at any time. It is used in questions and negative statements. 在任何时候 (用于否定句和疑问句)
   • I’m not sure I’ll ever trust people again.
   我不确定我会不会再相信人。
   • Neither of us had ever skied.
   我们俩谁也没有滑过雪。
2. ADV You use ever in expressions such as “did you ever” and “have you ever” to express surprise or shock at something you have just seen, heard, or experienced, especially when you expect people to agree with you. 曾经 (表示惊讶)
   • Have you ever seen anything like it?
   你可曾见过像这样的东西？
3. ADV You use ever after comparatives and superlatives to emphasize the degree to which something is true or when you are comparing a present situation with the past or the future. 以往任何时候 (用于形容词或副词的比较级和最高级之后)
   • She’s got a great voice and is singing better than ever.
   她有一副好嗓音，比以往任何时候都唱得好。
   • Japan is wealthier and more powerful than ever before.
   日本现在比以往任何时候都富有和强大。

however

/haʊˈevər/

1. ADV You use however when you are adding a comment which is surprising or which contrasts with what has just been said. 然而 (用以引出令人吃惊或形成对比的话语)
   • This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty.
   这可不是一个轻松的决定。不过我们觉得我们有责任做出这样的的决定。
2. ADV You use however before an adjective or adverb to emphasize that the degree or extent of something cannot change a situation. 不管多么 (用于形容词或副词前表强调)
   • You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before.
   不管以前做得多么好，你应该始终争取更大的进步。
   • However hard she tried, nothing seemed to work.
   无论她多么努力，好像都无济于事。
3. CONJ You use however when you want to say that it makes no difference how something is done. 不管用什么方法 (用以表示没有区别)
   • However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn’t going to save major amounts of money.
   不管我们采取什么样的医疗改革措施，它都不会节省太多的钱。

set

/set/

1. N-COUNT A set of things is a number of things that belong together or that are thought of as a group. 套; 系列
   • There must be one set of laws for the whole of the country.
   必须有一套适用于全国的法律。
   • The mattress and base are normally bought as a set.
   床垫和床基通常成套购买。
   • …a chess set.
   …一副国际象棋。
2. N-COUNT In tennis, a set is one of the groups of six or more games that form part of a match. (网球赛的) 一盘
   • Graf was leading 5-1 in the first set.
   格拉夫在首盘比赛中以5-1领先。
3. N-COUNT In mathematics, a set is a group of mathematical quantities that have some characteristic in common. 集合
   • …the field of set theory.
   …集合论领域。

community

/kəˈmjuːnəti/

1. N-SING-COLL Thecommunity is all the people who live in a particular area or place. 社区
   • He’s well liked by people in the community.
   他很受社区人们的喜爱。
2. N-COUNT-COLL A particular community is a group of people who are similar in some way. 团体
   • The police haven’t really done anything for the black community in particular.
   警方并没有特别为黑人团体做什么。
3. N-UNCOUNT Community is friendship between different people or groups, and a sense of having something in common. 团体精神
   • Two of our greatest strengths are diversity and community.
   我们的两个最大优点是多样性和团体精神。

information

/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/

1. N-UNCOUNT Information about someone or something consists of facts about them. 消息; 资料
   • Pat refused to give her any information about Sarah.
   帕特拒绝向她提供任何有关萨拉的消息。
   • Each centre would provide information on technology and training.
   每个中心都将提供有关技术与培训的资料。
2. N-UNCOUNT Information consists of the facts and figures that are stored and used by a computer program. (电脑中储存和使用的) 数据
   • Pictures are scanned into a form of digital information that computers can recognize.
   图片被扫描成一种计算机能识别的数字化资料。
3. N-UNCOUNT Information is a service that you can telephone to find out someone’s telephone number. 问讯处
   • He called information, and they gave him the number.
   他打电话给信息台，他们便给了他电话号码。

within

/wɪˈðɪn,/

1. PREP If something is within a place, area, or object, it is inside it or surrounded by it. 在…里
   • Clients are entertained within private dining rooms.
   客户们在私人餐厅里受到款待。
2. ADV Within is also an adverb. 在里面
   • A small voice called from within. “Yes, just coming.”
   从里面传出一个很小的声音：“是的，就来了。”
3. PREP Something that happens or exists within a society, organization, or system, happens or exists inside it. 在 (社会、组织或体系) 中
   • …the spirit of self-sacrifice within an army.
   …军队里的自我牺牲精神。

policy

/ˈpɒlɪsɪ/

1. N-VAR A policy is a set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making decisions, especially in politics, economics, or business. 政策
   • …plans that include changes in foreign policy and economic reforms.
   …包括外交政策调整和经济改革的计划。

process

/ˈprəʊsɛs/

1. N-COUNT A process is a series of actions which are carried out in order to achieve a particular result. 过程
   • There was total agreement to start the peace process as soon as possible.
   全体同意尽快启动和平进程。
   • They decided to spread the building process over three years.
   他们决定在三年内分期完成该建造过程。
2. N-COUNT A process is a series of things that happen naturally and result in a biological or chemical change. 进程
   • It occurs in elderly men, apparently as part of the aging process.
   作为衰老进程的一部分，它明显发生在老年男性身上。

sense

/sɛns/

1. N-COUNT Your senses are the physical abilities of sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste. 感觉功能
   • She stared at him again, unable to believe the evidence of her senses.
   她再次盯着他，不敢相信自己的感觉。
2. V-T If you sense something, you become aware of it or you realize it, although it is not very obvious. 觉察到; 意识到
   • She probably sensed that I wasn’t telling her the whole story.
   她很可能觉察到我没有告诉她全部真相。
   • He looks about him, sensing danger.
   他环顾四周，觉察到了危险。
3. N-SING If you have a sense that something is the case, you think that it is the case, although you may not have firm, clear evidence for this belief. 感觉
   • Suddenly you got this sense that people were drawing themselves away from each other.
   突然你有了这样的感觉即人们正在彼此疏远。

remain

/rɪˈmeɪn/

1. V-LINK If someone or something remains in a particular state or condition, they stay in that state or condition and do not change. 继续; 保持
   • The three men remained silent.
   这3个人保持沉默。
   • The government remained in control.
   政府继续控制着局势。
2. V-I If you remain in a place, you stay there and do not move away. 留在; 停留
   • They have asked the residents to remain in their homes.
   他们已经要求居民待在自己家里。
3. V-I You can say that something remains when it still exists. 继续存在; 仍然存在
   • The wider problem remains.
   更广泛的问题依然存在。
4. V-LINK If something remains to be done, it has not yet been done and still needs to be done. 剩下; 余留; 待做
   • Major questions remain to be answered about his work.
   关于他工作的主要问题仍有待回答。

course

/kɔːs/
Course is often used in the expression “of course,” or instead of “of course” in informal spoken English. See . 当然 (在口语中代替)(of course)
2.
N-UNCOUNT The course of a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, is the route along which it is travelling. 路线
• Aircraft can avoid each other by altering course to left or right.
飞行器可以通过向左或向右改变航线来避免相撞。
3.
N-COUNT A course of action is an action or a series of actions that you can do in a particular situation. 做法
• My best course of action was to help Gill by being sympathetic.
我最好的做法是通过表达同情去帮助吉尔。
4.
N-COUNT A course is a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject. 课程
• …a course in business administration.
…一门工商管理课程。

raise

/reɪz/

1. V-T If you raise something, you move it so that it is in a higher position. 举起
   • He raised his hand to wave.
   他举起手来挥动。
   • Milton raised the glass to his lips.
   米尔顿举起杯子放到嘴唇边。
2. V-T If you raise a flag, you display it by moving it up a pole or into a high place where it can be seen. 升起
   • They had raised the white flag in surrender.
   他们已经升起白旗投降。
3. V-T If you raise yourself, you lift your body so that you are standing up straight, or so that you are no longer lying flat. 站立; 起身
   • He raised himself into a sitting position.
   他起身坐了起来。

return

/rɪˈtɜːn/

1. V-I When you return to a place, you go back there after you have been away. 返回
   • There are unconfirmed reports that Aziz will return to Moscow within hours.
   有未经证实的报道称阿齐兹将在数小时内返回莫斯科。
2. N-SING Your return is your arrival back at a place where you had been before. 返回
   • Kenny explained the reason for his sudden return to Dallas.
   肯尼解释了他突然返回达拉斯的理由。
3. V-T If you return something that you have borrowed or taken, you give it back or put it back. 归还
   • I enjoyed the book and said so when I returned it.
   我很喜欢这本书，归还它的时候就这么说了。

military

/ˈmɪlɪtərɪ/

1. ADJ Military means relating to the armed forces of a country. 军事的
   • Military action may become necessary.
   军事行动可能会成为必要。
   • The president is sending in almost 20,000 military personnel to help with the relief efforts.
   总统将派遣近20000名军事人员来协助救援行动。

federal

/ˈfɛdərəl/

1. ADJ A federal country or system of government is one in which the different states or provinces of the country have important powers to make their own laws and decisions. 联邦制的
   • Five of the six provinces are to become autonomous regions in a new federal system of government.
   在新的联邦政府体制下，6个省中的5个将成为自治区。
2. ADJ Federal also means belonging or relating to the national government of a federal country rather than to one of the states within it. 联邦政府的
   • The federal government controls just 6% of the education budget.
   联邦政府只掌控教育预算的6％。
3. ADV 联邦政府地
   • …residents of public housing and federally subsidized apartments.
   …公共住房的住户和享受联邦政府补贴的公寓住户。

director

/dɪˈrɛktə, daɪ-/

1. N-COUNT The director of a play, film, or television programme is the person who decides how it will appear on stage or screen, and who tells the actors and technical staff what to do. 导演
   • “Cut!” the director yelled. “That was perfect.”
   “停！”导演叫道。“太好了！”
2. N-COUNT In some organizations and public authorities, the person in charge is referred to as the director. 主任; 主管
   • …the director of the intensive care unit at Buffalo General Hospital.
   …布法罗总医院重症监护室的主任。
3. N-COUNT The directors of a company are its most senior managers, who meet regularly to make important decisions about how it will be run. 董事
   • He served on the board of directors of a local bank.
   他在当地一家银行的董事会担任董事。

position

/pəˈzɪʃən/

1. N-COUNT The position of someone or something is the place where they are in relation to other things. 位置
   • The ship was identified, and its name and position were reported to the Coast Guard.
   该轮船的身份已得到确认，其名称和位置已报告给了海岸警卫队。
2. N-COUNT When someone or something is in a particular position, they are sitting, lying, or arranged in that way. 姿势
   • It is crucial that the upper back and neck are held in an erect position to give support for the head.
   重要的是：上背和颈部要挺直以支撑头部，这一点很重要。
   • Mr. Dambar had raised himself to a sitting position.
   丹巴先生已坐了起来。
3. V-T If you position something somewhere, you put it there carefully, so that it is in the right place or position. 小心放置
   • Position the cursor where you want the new margins to begin.
   将光标放在你所要的新页边空白开端。

situation

/ˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃən/

1. N-COUNT You use situation to refer generally to what is happening in a particular place at a particular time, or to refer to what is happening to you. 情况; 形势
   • Army officers said the situation was under control.
   军方官员说局势已得到控制。
   • And now for a look at the travel situation in the rest of the country.
   现在来看一看该国其他地区的旅行条件。

figure

/ˈfɪɡə/

1. N-COUNT A figure is a particular amount expressed as a number, especially a statistic. 数字
   • It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven’t got a job.
   要是我们有一个确切的数字反映这个国家到底有多少人没有工作就好了。
   • It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall.
   过不了多久，通货膨胀的数字就会开始下降。
2. N-COUNT A figure is any of the ten written symbols from 0 to 9 that are used to represent a number. 个位数字
   • …the glowing red figures on the radio alarm clock which read 4:22 a.m.
   …收音机闹钟上闪闪发光的红色数字显示凌晨4点22分。
3. N-COUNT You refer to someone that you can see as a figure when you cannot see them clearly or when you are describing them. 身影
   • Ernie saw the dim figure of Rose in the chair.
   厄尼看到了罗斯坐在椅子里的模糊身影。
4. N-COUNT In art, a figure is a person in a drawing or a painting, or a statue of a person. 人像
   • …a life-size bronze figure of a brooding, hooded woman.
   …一个真人大小、戴着头巾、正在沉思的女铜像。
5. N-COUNT Your figure is the shape of your body. 身材
   • Take pride in your health and your figure.
   为你的健康和身材感到骄傲。

simply

/ˈsɪmplɪ/

1. ADV You use simply to emphasize that something consists of only one thing, happens for only one reason, or is done in only one way. 只不过; 仅仅
   • The table is simply a chipboard circle on a base.
   这张桌子只不过是基座加圆形刨花板。
   • Most of the damage that’s occurred was simply because of fallen trees.
   大部分损失仅仅是因横倒在地面的树木造成的。
2. ADV You use simply to emphasize what you are saying. 简直; 完全地
   • This sort of increase simply cannot be justified.
   这种增长完全没有道理。

attention

/əˈtɛnʃən/

1. N-UNCOUNT If you give someone or something your attention, you look at it, listen to it, or think about it carefully. 注意力
   • You have my undivided attention.
   我全部的注意力都在你身上。
   • Later he turned his attention to the desperate state of housing in the city.
   后来他把注意力转向了该市极为严重的住房状况。
2. N-UNCOUNT Attention is great interest that is shown in someone or something, particularly by the general public. (尤指公众的) 关注
   • Volume Two, subtitled “The Lawyers,” will also attract considerable attention.
   副标题为《律师》的第2卷也将会引起极大的关注。
3. N-UNCOUNT If someone or something is getting attention, they are being dealt with or cared for. 照料
   • Each year more than two million household injuries need medical attention.
   每年有二百多万起在家受伤、需要医疗救治的案例。

nearly

/ˈnɪəlɪ/

1. ADV Nearly is used to indicate that something is not quite the case, or not completely the case. 几乎
   • Goldsworth stared at me in silence for nearly twenty seconds.
   戈兹沃斯默默盯着我有差不多20秒钟。
   • Hunter knew nearly all of this already.
   亨特几乎知道这事的全部了。
   • The beach was nearly empty.
   海滩几乎是空荡荡的。
2. ADV Nearly is used to indicate that something will soon be the case. 即将
   • It was already nearly eight o’clock.
   已经快8点钟了。
   • I was nearly asleep.
   我快睡着了。
   • I’ve nearly finished the words for your song.
   我快要完成为你那首歌填词了。

available

/əˈveɪləbəl/ |CET4 TEM4

1. ADJ If something you want or need is available, you can find it or obtain it. 可获得的
   • Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%.
   自1978年以来，可供买书的钱已减少了17%。
   • The shop has about 500 autographed copies of the book available for purchase.
   这家书店有大约500本该书的签名版本可供购买。
2. N-UNCOUNT 可获得性
   • …the easy availability of guns.
   …获取枪支的容易性。
3. ADJ Someone who is available is not busy and is therefore free to talk to you or to do a particular task. 有空的
   • Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment.
   利奇先生在休假，没空作评论。

plant

/plɑːnt/

1. N-COUNT A plant is a living thing that grows in the earth and has a stem, leaves, and roots. 植物
   • Water each plant as often as required.
   按要求经常给每棵植物浇水。
2. V-T When you plant a seed, plant, or young tree, you put it into the ground so that it will grow there. 栽种
   • He says he plans to plant fruit trees and vegetables.
   他说他计划栽种果树和蔬菜。
3. N-UNCOUNT 栽种
   • Extensive flooding in the country has delayed planting and many crops are still under water.
   该国大范围的洪水已经延误了栽种，许多庄稼现在还泡在水中。

likely

/ˈlaɪklɪ/

1. ADJ You use likely to indicate that something is probably the case or will probably happen in a particular situation. 可能的
   • Experts say a “yes” vote is still the likely outcome.
   专家们表示投赞成票仍是可能的结果。
   • If this is your first baby, it’s far more likely that you’ll get to the hospital too early.
   如果这是你的第一胎，你就非常有可能会太早到医院。
2. ADV Likely is also an adverb. 可能地
   • Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.
   利润将极有可能增长约2500万美元。
3. ADJ If someone or something is likely to do a particular thing, they will very probably do it. 很可能地
   • In the meantime the war of nerves seems likely to continue.
   同时心理战似乎很有可能要继续下去。

condition

/kənˈdɪʃən/

1. N-SING If you talk about the condition of a person or thing, you are talking about the state that they are in, especially how good or bad their physical state is. (尤指健康) 状况
   • He remains in a critical condition in a California hospital.
   他在加利福尼亚的一家医院里，仍处于危急的状况。
   • I received several compliments on the condition of my skin.
   我得到好几次有关我皮肤的状况的夸赞。
   • The two-bedroom chalet is in good condition.
   这个有两间卧室的小屋状况良好。
2. N-PLURAL The conditions under which something is done or happens are all the factors or circumstances which directly affect it. (某事完成或发生的) 条件
   • It’s easy to make a wrong turn here even under ideal weather conditions.
   即使在非常理想的天气条件下，也很容易在这里拐错弯。
3. N-PLURAL The conditions in which people live or work are the factors which affect their comfort, safety, or health. (生活或工作的) 环境
   • People are living in appalling conditions.
   人们生活在极其恶劣的环境中。
   • I could not work in these conditions any longer.
   我再也不能在这样的环境中工作了。

single

/ˈsɪŋɡəl/

1. ADJ You use single to emphasize that you are referring to one thing, and no more than one thing. 单个的; 一个的
   • A single shot rang out.
   一声枪响。
   • Over six hundred people were wounded in a single day.
   一天内六百多人受伤。
2. ADJ You use single to indicate that you are considering something on its own and separately from other things like it. 个别的; 一个个的; 每一个的
   • Every single house in town had been damaged.
   镇上的每一座房子都被毁坏了。
3. ADJ Someone who is single is not married. You can also use single to describe someone who does not have a girlfriend or boyfriend. 未婚的; 单身的
   • Is it difficult being a single mother?
   当单身母亲难吗？

floor

/flɔː/

1. N-COUNT Thefloor of a room is the part of it that you walk on. 地板
   • Jack’s sitting on the floor watching TV.
   杰克正坐在地板上看电视。
2. N-COUNT A floor of a building is all the rooms that are on a particular level. 楼层
   • The café was on the top floor of the hospital.
   咖啡馆在医院的顶层。
3. N-COUNT The ocean floor is the ground at the bottom of an ocean. The valley floor is the ground at the bottom of a valley. (海洋、山谷等的) 底
   • They spend hours feeding on the ocean floor.
   它们花几个小时在海底进食。

material

/məˈtɪərɪəl/

1. N-VAR A material is a solid substance. 固态物质
   • …electrons in a conducting material such as a metal.
   …金属等导电物质中的电子。
2. N-MASS Material is cloth. 布料
   • …the thick material of her skirt.
   …她裙子的厚布料。
3. N-PLURAL Materials are the things that you need for a particular activity. 材料
   • The builders ran out of materials.
   建筑商用完了材料。

current

/ˈkʌrənt/

1. N-COUNT A current is a steady and continuous flowing movement of some of the water in a river, lake, or ocean. 水流
   • Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.
   在正常情况下，太平洋热带洋流自东流向西。
2. N-COUNT A current is a steady flowing movement of air. 气流
   • I felt a current of cool air blowing in my face.
   我感到一股凉气吹在脸上。
3. N-COUNT An electric current is a flow of electricity through a wire or circuit. 电流
   • A powerful electric current is passed through a piece of graphite.
   一股强大的电流被传导经过一块石墨。

defence

/dɪˈfɛns/

1. N-UNCOUNT Defence is action that is taken to protect someone or something against attack. 保护; 防卫
   • The land was flat, giving no scope for defence.
   土地非常平坦，无法做防卫之用。
2. N-UNCOUNT Defence is the organization of a country’s armies and weapons, and their use to protect the country or its interests. 国防机构
   • Twenty-eight percent of the federal budget is spent on defence.
   百分之二十八的联邦预算用于国防。
   • …the Ministry of Defence.
   …国防部。
3. N-PLURAL The defences of a country or region are all its armed forces and weapons. 防卫力量
   • He emphasized the need to maintain Britain’s defences at a level sufficient to deal with the unexpected.
   他强调需要将英国的防卫力量维持在足以应付突发事件的水平。

security

/sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ/

1. N-UNCOUNT Security refers to all the measures that are taken to protect a place, or to ensure that only people with permission enter it or leave it. 保安措施; 安全措施
   • They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security.
   他们目前承受着加强机场保安措施的巨大压力。
   • Strict security measures are in force in the capital.
   严格的安全措施在首都实施。
2. N-UNCOUNT A feeling of security is a feeling of being safe and free from worry. 安全感
   • He loves the security of a happy home life.
   他非常喜欢幸福的家庭生活所来的那种安全感。
   • If an alarm gives you that feeling of security, then it’s worth carrying.
   如果一个报警器能给你那种安全感，那就值得携带。
3. N-UNCOUNT If something is security for a loan, you promise to give that thing to the person who lends you money, if you fail to pay the money back. 抵押品
   • The central bank will provide special loans, and the banks will pledge the land as security.
   中央银行将提供特别贷款,而各家银行将以土地作为抵押品。

board

/bɔːd/

1. N-COUNT A board is a flat, thin, rectangular piece of wood or plastic which is used for a particular purpose. (木头的或塑料的) 板
   • …a cutting board.
   …一块砧板。
2. N-COUNT A board is a square piece of wood or stiff cardboard that you use for playing games such as chess. (棋) 盘
   • …a chequers board.
   …一个跳棋盘。
3. N-COUNT You can refer to a blackboard or a bulletin board as a board. 黑板; 布告栏
   • He wrote a few more notes on the board.
   他在黑板上多写了几条笔记。

subject

1. N-COUNT The subject of something such as a conversation, letter, or book is the thing that is being discussed or written about. 话题; 主题
   • It was I who first raised the subject of plastic surgery.
   是我首先提起了整形手术这个话题。
   • …the president’s own views on the subject.
   …该总统对此问题的个人观点。
2. N-COUNT Someone or something that is the subject of criticism, study, or an investigation is being criticized, studied, or investigated. (批评、研究或调查的) 对象
   • Over the past few years, some of the positions Mr. Meredith has adopted have made him the subject of criticism.
   在过去的几年里，梅雷迪恩先生所采取的一些立场已使他成为了被批评的对象。
3. N-COUNT A subject is an area of knowledge or study, especially one that you study in school, or college. (尤指在学校学习的) 科目
   • Surprisingly, maths was voted their favourite subject.
   令人吃惊的是，数学被评为他们喜爱的科目。

represent

/ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

1. V-T If someone such as a lawyer or a politician represents a person, a group of people, or a place, they act on behalf of that person, group, or place. 代表; 代理
   • …the politicians we elect to represent us.
   …我们所选的代表我们的政治家。
   • …Richard Bolling, a Democrat who represented Missouri in Congress.
   …理查德•博林，一个在国会中代表密苏里州的民主党人。
2. V-T If you represent a person or group at an official event, you go there on their behalf. 代表 (出席)
   • The general secretary may represent the president at official ceremonies.
   秘书长可以在官方仪式上代表主席。
3. V-T If you represent your country or city in a competition or sports event, you take part in it on behalf of the country or city where you live. 代表 (参赛)
   • My only aim is to represent the United States at the Olympics.
   我惟一的目标就是代表美国参加奥运会。

agency

/ˈeɪdʒənsɪ/

1. N-COUNT An agency is a business that provides a service on behalf of other businesses. 代理公司
   • We had to hire maids through an agency.
   我们得通过代理公司雇用女佣。

common

/ˈkɒmən/

1. ADJ If something is common, it is found in large numbers or it happens often. 常见的
   • His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway.
   他叫汉森，一个在挪威很常见的名字。
   • Oil pollution is the most common cause of death for seabirds.
   石油污染是海鸟死亡的最常见的原因。
2. ADV 常见地
   • Parsley is one of the most commonly used herbs.
   欧芹是最常用的草药之一。
3. ADJ If something is common to two or more people or groups, it is done, possessed, or used by them all. 共同的; 共有的; 共用的
   • Moldavians and Romanians share a common language.
   摩尔达维亚人和罗马尼亚人使用一种共同的语言。

concern

/kənˈsɜːn/

1. N-UNCOUNT Concern is worry about a situation. 担忧
   • The group has expressed concern about reports of political violence in Africa.
   该集团已对有关非洲政治暴力的报道表示担忧。
   • The move follows growing public concern over the spread of the disease.
   该行动是针对公众日益增长的对该疾病传播的担忧而采取的。
2. V-T If something concerns you, it worries you. 使担忧
   • The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern Western aid agencies.
   日益增多的到泰国寻求避难的人数开始让西方援助机构感到担忧。
3. ADJ 感到担忧的
   • Academics and employers are concerned that students are not sufficiently prepared for college courses.
   学术界和用人单位都担心学生们对大学课程没有做好足够准备。
4. V-T If you concern yourself with something, you give it attention because you think that it is important. 关心
   • I didn’t concern myself with politics.
   我不关心政治。

significant

/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

1. ADJ A significant amount or effect is large enough to be important or affect a situation to a noticeable degree. 重大的; 显著的
   • Most 11-year-olds are not encouraged to develop reading skills; a small but significant number are illiterate.
   大多数11岁的儿童没有被鼓励去培养阅读技能。有为数不多、但足以引起人们注意的数目的儿童是文盲。
2. ADV 重大地; 显著地
   • The number of Senators now supporting him had increased significantly.
   现在支持他的参议员人数已经显著增加了。
3. ADJ A significant fact, event, or thing is one that is important or shows something. 重要的; 说明问题的
   • I think it was significant that he never knew his own father.
   我想他从不了解自己的父亲这一点就很说明问题。

scene

/siːn/

1. N-COUNT A scene in a play, movie, or book is part of it in which a series of events happen in the same place. 场面; 片断
   • …the opening scene of “A Christmas Carol.”
   …《圣诞颂歌》的开场。
   • …Act I, scene 1.
   …第1幕，第1场。
2. N-COUNT You refer to a place as a scene when you are describing its appearance and indicating what impression it makes on you. 景象
   • It’s a scene of complete devastation.
   那是一幅满目疮痍的景象。
   • Thick black smoke billowed over the scene.
   黑色的浓烟从现场滚滚升起。
3. N-COUNT You can describe an event that you see, or that is broadcast or shown in a picture, as a scene of a particular kind. 场面; 事件
   • There were emotional scenes as the refugees enjoyed their first breath of freedom.
   难民们享受第一口自由的呼吸时，有一些感人至深的场面。
   • Television broadcasters were warned to exercise caution over depicting scenes of violence.
   电视台受到警告，在描述暴力场面时要采取谨慎态度。
4. N-COUNT The scene of an event is the place where it happened. 现场
   • The area has been the scene of fierce fighting for three months.
   这个地区是3个月来激烈战斗的现场。
   • …traces left at the scene of a crime.
   …在犯罪现场留下的痕迹。

thus

/ðʌs/

1. ADV You use thus to show that what you are about to mention is the result of something else that you have just mentioned. 因此
   • Neither of them thought of turning on the news. Thus Caroline didn’t hear of John’s death until Peter telephoned.
   他们俩都没想到要收看新闻。因此，直到彼得打来电话卡罗琳才获悉约翰的死讯。
2. ADV If you say that something is thus or happens thus you mean that it is, or happens, as you have just described or as you are just about to describe. 如此; 那样
   • Joanna was pouring the wine. While she was thus engaged, Charles sat on one of the bar-stools.
   乔安娜在倒葡萄酒。就在她忙着时，查尔斯坐在了其中一张酒吧椅上。

treatment

/ˈtriːtmənt/

1. N-VAR Treatment is medical attention given to a sick or injured person or animal. 治疗
   • Many patients are not getting the medical treatment they need.
   许多病人都没有得到他们需要的医疗。
   • …a veterinary surgeon who specializes in the treatment of caged birds.
   …一个专长治疗笼养鸟的兽医。
2. N-UNCOUNT Your treatment of someone is the way you behave toward them or deal with them. 对待; 处理
   • We don’t want any special treatment.
   我们不需要任何特殊待遇。
3. N-VAR Treatment of something involves putting a particular substance onto or into it, in order to clean it, to protect it, or to give it special properties. (采用某种物质的) 处理
   • There should be greater treatment of sewage before it is discharged.
   污水排放前应该进行更充分的处理。

occur

/əˈkɜː/

1. V-I When something occurs, it happens. 发生
   • If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.
   如果头痛只发生在晚上，缺少新鲜空气和氧气常常是其原因。
   • The crash occurred when the crew shut down the wrong engine.
   机组人员关错发动机后就坠毁了。
2. V-I When something occurs in a particular place, it exists or is present there. (某事物在某地) 出现
   • These snails do not occur on low-lying coral islands.
   这些蜗牛不会出现在低洼的珊瑚岛上。
3. V-I If a thought or idea occurs to you, you suddenly think of it or realize it. (想法、主意在某人脑海中) 突然出现
   • It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.
   我没想到要核对我的保险单。

simple

/ˈsɪmpəl/

1. ADJ If you describe something as simple, you mean that it is not complicated, and is therefore easy to understand. 简单的; 简明的
   • …simple pictures and diagrams.
   …简明的图片和图表。
   • …pages of simple advice on filling in your tax form.
   …几页有关填写纳税表格的简单建议。
2. ADV 简单地
   • When applying for a visa extension state simply and clearly the reasons why you need an extension.
   申请签证续签时，简单明了地陈述你需要延期的理由。
3. ADJ If you describe people or things as simple, you mean that they have all the basic or necessary things they require, but nothing extra. 简朴的; 朴素的
   • He ate a simple dinner of rice and beans.
   他吃了一顿米饭加豆子的简单晚餐。

source

/sɔːs/

1. N-COUNT The source of something is the person, place, or thing which you get it from. 来源
   • …over 40 percent of adults use television as their major source of information about the arts.
   …超过40%的成年人利用电视作为他们了解艺术信息的主要来源。
   • Renewable sources of energy must be used.
   可再生的能源必须利用。
2. V-T In business, if a person or firm sources a product or a raw material, they find someone who will supply it. 寻找…的来源
   • Together they travel the world, sourcing clothes for the small, privately owned company.
   他们一起环游世界，为那家小私营公司寻找服装货源。
3. N-COUNT A source is a person or book that provides information for a news story or for a piece of research. 消息来源
   • Military sources say the boat was heading south at high speed.
   军方的消息来源说船正向南方快速驶去。

recognize

/ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz/

1. V-T If you recognize someone or something, you know who that person is or what that thing is. 认出
   • The receptionist recognized him at once.
   那名接待员马上认出了他。
2. V-T If someone says that they recognize something, they acknowledge that it exists or that it is true. 承认
   • I recognize my own shortcomings.
   我承认我自己的那些缺点。
3. V-T If people or organizations recognize something as valid, they officially accept it or approve of it. 承认; 赞成
   • Many doctors recognize homeopathy as a legitimate form of medicine.
   许多医生承认顺势疗法是一种合理的医疗形式。
   • France is on the point of recognizing the independence of the Baltic States.
   法国即将承认波罗的海各国的独立。

region

/ˈriːdʒən/

1. N-COUNT A region is a large area of land that is different from other areas of land, for example because it is one of the different parts of a country with its own customs and characteristics, or because it has a particular geographical feature. 地区
   • …Barcelona, capital of the autonomous region of Catalonia.
   …巴塞罗那，加泰罗尼亚自治区的首府。
2. N-COUNT You can refer to a part of your body as a region. (身体) 部位
   • …the pelvic region.
   …骨盆部位。

trade

/treɪd/

1. N-UNCOUNT Trade is the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods or services between people, companies, or countries. 贸易; 买卖
   • Texas has a long history of trade with Mexico.
   得克萨斯与墨西哥有着悠久的贸易史。
   • …negotiations on a new international trade agreement.
   …关于一个新的国际贸易协定的谈判。
2. V-I When people, companies, or countries trade, they buy, sell, or exchange goods or services between themselves. 做生意
   • They may refuse to trade, even when offered attractive prices.
   他们有可能拒绝做生意，即便是报价很有吸引力。
   • They had years of experience of trading with the West.
   他们有数年与西方做生意的经验。
3. N-UNCOUNT 交易
   • Trading on the stock exchange may be suspended.
   股票交易可能被暂停。

forward

/ˈfɔːwəd/

1. ADV If you move or look forward, you move or look in a direction that is in front of you. 向前 (移动、看)
   • He came forward with his hand out. “Mr. and Mrs. Selby?” he said.
   他伸着手走上前来，“塞尔比先生和夫人吧？”他说。
   • She fell forward on to her face.
   她脸着地向前摔倒了。
2. ADV Forward means in a position near the front of something such as a building or a vehicle. 靠前地
   • The best seats are in the aisle and as far forward as possible.
   最好的座位在过道处尽可能靠前的地方。
3. ADJ Forward is also an adjective. 靠前的
   • Reinforcements were needed to allow more troops to move to forward positions.
   需要增援以便让更多的部队推进至前沿阵地。

section

/ˈsɛkʃən/

1. N-COUNT A section of something is one of the parts into which it is divided or from which it is formed. 部分
   • He said it was wrong to single out any section of society for AIDS testing.
   他说挑出社会任何一部份人做艾滋病检查都是错误的。
   • …the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C.
   …华盛顿特区的乔治敦区。

authority

/ɔːˈθɒrɪtɪ/

1. N-PLURAL Theauthorities are the people who have the power to make decisions and to make sure that laws are obeyed. 当局
   • This provided a pretext for the authorities to cancel the elections.
   这给当局提供了一个取消选举的借口。
2. N-COUNT An authority is an official organization or government department that has the power to make decisions. 官方机构
   • …the Philadelphia Parking Authority.
   …费城停车管理局。
3. N-COUNT Someone who is an authority on a particular subject knows a lot about it. (某一学科的) 权威人士
   • He’s universally recognized as an authority on Russian affairs.
   他被公认为是俄罗斯事务的权威。

strategy

/ˈstrætɪdʒɪ/

1. N-VAR A strategy is a general plan or set of plans intended to achieve something, especially over a long period. 策略
   • The energy secretary will present the strategy tomorrow afternoon.
   能源部长将于明天下午提出该策略。
2. N-UNCOUNT Strategy is the art of planning the best way to gain an advantage or achieve success, especially in war. 战略
   • I’ve just been explaining the basic principles of strategy to my generals.
   我刚才一直在向我的将军们解释战略的基本原则。

indeed

/ɪnˈdiːd/

1. ADV You use indeed to confirm or agree with something that has just been said. (用于强调真实性) 确实
   • Later, he admitted that the payments had indeed been made.
   后来，他承认说的确是付过款了。
   • “Did you know him?”—“I did indeed.”
   “你认识他吗？”—“我确实认识他。”
2. ADV You use indeed to introduce a further comment or statement that strengthens the point you have already made. (表示递进语气) 其实
   • We have nothing against diversity; indeed, we want more of it.
   我们并不反对多样化；其实，我们希望有更多的多样化。
3. ADV You use indeed at the end of a clause to give extra force to the word “very,” or to emphasize a particular word. 真正地 (用于句末修饰)(very)(或强调某词以加强语气)
   • The results are often strange indeed.
   结果往往真是奇怪。

executive

/ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ |CET4 TEM4

1. N-COUNT An executive is someone who is employed by a business at a senior level. Executives decide what the business should do, and ensure that it is done. 执行总监
   • …an advertising executive.
   …一位广告执行总监。
2. ADJ The executive sections and tasks of an organization are concerned with the making of decisions and with ensuring that decisions are carried out. 执行的
   • A successful job search needs to be as well organized as any other executive task.
   一次成功的寻职要像任何其他执行任务一样精心安排。
3. ADJ Executive goods are expensive products designed or intended for executives and other people at a similar social or economic level. 高级的
   • …an executive briefcase.
   …一个高级公文包。

claim

/kleɪm/

1. V-T If you say that someone claims that something is true, you mean they say that it is true but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth. 声称
   • He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.
   他声称这完全是一个针对他的阴谋。
   • A man claiming to be a journalist threatened to reveal details about her private life.
   一个自称是记者的男人威胁要公开她的私生活细节。
2. V-T If you say that someone claims responsibility or credit for something, you mean they say that they are responsible for it, but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth. 声称 (对某事负责或应得荣誉)
   • An underground organization has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion.
   一个地下组织已声称对炸弹爆炸事件负责。
3. V-T If you claim something, you try to get it because you think you have a right to it. 索取
   • Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.
   现在他们回来索要原本属于他们的东西。

establish

/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

1. V-T If someone establishes something such as an organization, a type of activity, or a set of rules, they create it or introduce it in such a way that it is likely to last for a long time. 建立; 确立
   • The UN has established detailed criteria for who should be allowed to vote.
   联合国就谁应当被允许投票确立了详细标准。
2. V-RECIP If you establish contact with someone, you start to have contact with them. You can also say that two people, groups, or countries establish contact. 建立 (联系)
   • We had already established contact with the museum.
   我们已经与那个博物馆建立了联系。
3. V-T If you establish that something is true, you discover facts that show that it is definitely true. 证实
   • Medical tests established that she was not their own child.
   医学检测证实她不是他们的亲生孩子。
   • It will be essential to establish how the money is being spent.
   搞清这笔钱是如何被花费的将至关重要。

trial

/ˈtraɪəl/

1. N-VAR A trial is a formal meeting in a law court, at which a judge and jury listen to evidence and decide whether a person is guilty of a crime. 审判
   • New evidence showed the police lied at the trial.
   新的证据表明警方在审判时撒了谎。
   • I have the right to a trial with a jury of my peers.
   我有权要求由和我一样的平民组成的陪审团参加审判。
2. N-VAR A trial is an experiment in which you test something by using it or doing it for a period of time to see how well it works. If something is on trial, it is being tested in this way. 试验
   • They have been treated with this drug in clinical trials.
   他们在临床试验中一直接受这种药物的治疗。
   • I took the car out for a trial on the roads.
   我把车开出去在公路上试了一下。
3. N-COUNT If you refer to the trials of a situation, you mean the unpleasant things that you experience in it. 磨难
   • …the trials of adolescence.
   …青春期的磨难。

statement

/ˈsteɪtmənt/

1. N-COUNT A statement is something that you say or write which gives information in a formal or definite way. (正式或明确的口头或书面) 陈述; 声明
   • Andrew now disowns that statement, saying he was depressed when he made it.
   安德鲁现在否认了那个声明，说那是自己心情沮丧时作的。
2. N-COUNT A statement is an official or formal announcement that is issued on a particular occasion. (在特定场合的官方或正式的) 声明
   • The statement by the military denied any involvement in last night’s attack.
   军方的声明否认其与昨晚的袭击有任何关系。
3. N-COUNT You can refer to the official account of events which a suspect or a witness gives to the police as a statement. (嫌犯或证人向警方提供的) 陈述; 证词
   • The 350-page report was based on statements from witnesses to the events.
   这份350页的报告基于该事件目击者的证词。

maintain

/meɪnˈteɪn/

1. V-T If you maintain something, you continue to have it, and do not let it stop or grow weaker. 保持
   • After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys.
   离婚后，他们的父亲仍和儿子们保持着密切联系。
2. V-T If you say that someone maintains that something is true, you mean that they have stated their opinion strongly but not everyone agrees with them or believes them. 坚持说; 坚持认为
   • He has maintained that the money was donated for international purposes.
   他坚持说这笔钱是出于国际目的而捐助的。
   • “Not all feminism has to be like this,” Jo maintains.
   乔坚持认为，“并非所有的女权运动都得像这样。”
3. V-T If you maintain something at a particular rate or level, you keep it at that rate or level. 维持
   • The government was right to maintain interest rates at a high level.
   该政府将利率维持在一个高的层面是正确的。

charge

/tʃɑːdʒ/

1. V-T/V-I If you charge someone an amount of money, you ask them to pay that amount for something that you have sold to them or done for them. 要价; 收费
   • Even local nurseries charge $150 a week.
   即便当地的托儿所每周也要收$150的费用。
   • Some banks charge if you access your account to determine your balance.
   如果你进入自己的账户查看余额，有些银行要收费。
   • The architect charged us a fee of seven hundred and fifty dollars.
   建筑师向我们收取了750美元的费用。
2. V-T To charge something to a person or organization means to tell the people providing it to send the bill to that person or organization. To charge something to someone’s account means to add it to their account so they can pay for it later. 开帐单; 记在…的账上
   • Go out and buy a pair of glasses, and charge it to us.
   出去买一副眼镜，记在我们的账上。
3. V-T When the police charge someone, they formally accuse them of having done something illegal. 指控
   • They have the evidence to charge him.
   他们有证据来指控他。

structure

/ˈstrʌktʃə/

1. N-VAR The structure of something is the way in which it is made, built, or organized. 结构
   • The typical family structure of Freud’s patients involved two parents and two children.
   弗洛伊德的病人们的典型家庭结构包括一对父母和两个孩子。
2. N-COUNT A structure is something that consists of parts connected together in an ordered way. 结构体
   • The feet are highly specialized structures made up of 26 small delicate bones.
   脚是非常特殊的、由26块细小骨头组成的结构体。
3. N-COUNT A structure is something that has been built. 建筑物
   • About half of those funds has gone to repair public roads, structures, and bridges.
   那些资金中大约一半用于维修公路、建筑物和桥梁。

candidate

/ˈkændɪˌdeɪt/

1. N-COUNT A candidate is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job. 候选人
   • The Democratic candidate is still leading in the polls.
   那名民主党候选人仍在民意测验中领先。
   • He is a candidate for the office of governor.
   他是州长的候选人。
2. N-COUNT A candidate is someone who is studying for a degree at a college. 攻读学位者
   • He is now a candidate for a Master’s degree in social work at San Francisco State University.
   他目前在旧金山州立大学攻读社会工作硕士学位。

treat

/triːt/

1. V-T If you treat someone or something in a particular way, you behave toward them or deal with them in that way. 对待; 处理
   • Artie treated most women with indifference.
   阿蒂对待大多数女性颇为冷淡。
   • Police say they’re treating it as a case of attempted murder.
   警方说他们正将其作为谋杀未遂案件来处理。
2. V-T When a doctor or nurse treats a patient or an illness, he or she tries to make the patient well again. 治疗
   • Doctors treated her with aspirin.
   医生用阿斯匹林给她治疗。
   • The boy was treated for a minor head wound.
   那个男孩因头部轻伤而接受治疗。

range

/reɪndʒ/

1. N-COUNT A range of things is a number of different things of the same general kind. (同类事物的) 一系列
   • A wide range of colours and patterns are available.
   一系列各种各样的颜色和图案都有。
2. N-COUNT A range is the complete group that is included between two points on a scale of measurement or quality. 范围
   • The average age range is between 35 and 55.
   平均年龄范围是35至55岁。
3. N-COUNT The range of something is the maximum area in which it can reach things or detect things. (能够到达或探知的) 最大范围
   • The 120mm mortar has a range of 18,000 yards.
   口径120毫米的迫击炮的射程是1.8万码。

specific

/spɪˈsɪfɪk/

1. ADJ You use specific to refer to a particular exact area, problem, or subject. 特定的 (部位、问题、主题等)
   • Massage may help to increase blood flow to specific areas of the body.
   按摩也许会帮助加快血液流向身体各个特定部位。
   • There are several specific problems to be dealt with.
   有好几个特定问题要解决。
2. ADJ If someone is specific, they give a description that is precise and exact. You can also use specific to describe their description. 确切的
   • She declined to be more specific about the reasons for the separation.
   她拒绝给出导致分手的更确切的原因。
3. ADJ Something that is specific to a particular thing is connected with that thing only. 针对…的
   • Send your resume with a cover letter that is specific to that particular job.
   将你的简历和专门为那份工作而写的附信一并寄送。

institution

/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən/

1. N-COUNT/N-IN-NAMES An institution is a large important organization such as a university, church, or bank. 机构
   • …financial institutions.
   …金融机构。
2. N-COUNT/N-IN-NAMES An institution is a building where certain people are cared for, such as people who are mentally ill or children who have no parents. 社会福利机构
   • Larry has been in an institution since he was four.
   拉里从4岁起就在孤儿院生活。
3. N-COUNT An institution is a custom or system that is considered an important or typical feature of a particular society or group, usually because it has existed for a long time. 习俗; 制度
   • I believe in the institution of marriage.
   我相信婚姻制度。

property

/ˈprɒpətɪ/

1. N-UNCOUNT Someone’s property is all the things that belong to them or something that belongs to them. 财产
   • Richard could easily destroy her personal property to punish her for walking out on him.
   理查德可以轻而易举地毁掉她的私有财产作为对她背叛他的惩罚。
2. N-VAR A property is a building and the land belonging to it. 房地产
   • Cecil inherited a family property near Stamford.
   塞西尔继承了斯坦福附近的一处家族房产。
3. N-COUNT The properties of a substance or object are the ways in which it behaves in particular conditions. (物质、物体的) 特性
   • A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic properties.
   无线电信号既具有电的特性也具有磁的特性。

stuff

/stʌf/

1. N-UNCOUNT You can use stuff to refer to things such as a substance, a collection of things, events, or ideas, or the contents of something in a general way without mentioning the thing itself by name. 东西
   • I’d like some coffee, and I don’t object to the powdered stuff if it’s all you’ve got.
   我想要点咖啡，如果你们只有粉状的东西，我也不反对。
   • He pointed to a duffle bag. “That’s my stuff.”
   他指着一个旅行袋。“那是我的东西。”
2. V-T If you stuff something somewhere, you push it there quickly and roughly. 把…塞进
   • I stuffed my hands in my pockets.
   我把双手塞进了我的口袋里。
3. V-T If you stuff a container or space with something, you fill it with something or with a quantity of things until it is full. 把…装满
   • He grabbed my purse, opened it and stuffed it full, then gave it back to me.
   他抢走我的钱包，打开并把它装得满满的，然后还给了我。