关于本文章内容说明
文章基本只是将作者本人编写的代码进行复制粘贴，而这份代码是作者大一上学期期末作业，若有不足之处，还请见谅。原因主要还是快到期末了，不想写代码，想着“借鉴”网上大佬们的代码，但是没找到合适的，于是自己就写一份吧。
进制间的转换思想
因为十进制的方便，所以利用十进制作为中间桥梁进行进制之间的转换。对于浮点数进行整数部分与小数部分的分离来计算，并在最后相加。
功能目的
1.各进制数字符串转换为十进制正数值；
2.分离十进制数值的整数和小数部分；
3.对分离出的整数、小数部分分别做转换，将其转换为目标进制；
4将转换好的整数、小数部分以及符号位拼接为字符串输出。
代码实现
菜单项的实现
构建一级菜单，利用循环构建，并且调用二级菜单
void menu()
{
int n = -1;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n**********************";
cout << "\n（1）2进制数转换";
cout << "\n（2）8进制数转换";
cout << "\n（3）10进制数转换";
cout << "\n（4）16进制数转换";
cout << "\n（0）退出";
cout << "\n**********************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>4)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
two_menu_1();
else if (n == 2)
two_menu_2();
else if (n == 3)
two_menu_3();
else if (n == 4)
two_menu_4();
else return;
}
}
构建二级菜单，并且能够返回上一级菜单，共有四个分别对应（二进制，八进制，十进制，十六进制）
void two_menu_1()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）2进制数 ---> 8进制数";
cout << "\n（2）2进制数 ---> 10进制数";
cout << "\n（3）2进制数 ---> 16进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "\n请输入2进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(2, x);
decn(x, 8);
cout << "\n8进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "\n请输入2进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(2, x);
cout << "\n10进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "\n请输入2进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(2, x);
decn(x, 16);
cout << "\n16进制数为：" << x;
}
else menu();
}
}//第一个子菜单
void two_menu_2()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）8进制数 ---> 2进制数";
cout << "\n（2）8进制数 ---> 10进制数";
cout << "\n（3）8进制数 ---> 16进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "请输入8进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(8, x);
decn(x, 2);
cout << "\n2进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "请输入8进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(8, x);
cout << "\n10进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "请输入8进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(8, x);
decn(x, 16);
cout << "\n16进制数为：" << x << endl;
}
else menu();
}
}
void two_menu_3()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）10进制数 ---> 2进制数";
cout << "\n（2）10进制数 ---> 8进制数";
cout << "\n（3）10进制数 ---> 16进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "\n请输入10进制数：";
cin >> x;
decn(x, 2);
cout << "\n2进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "\n请输入10进制数：";
cin >> x;
decn(x, 8);
cout << "\n8进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "\n请输入10进制数：";
cin >> x;
decn(x, 16);
cout << "\n16进制数为：" << x;
}
else menu();
}
}
void two_menu_4()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0) {
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）16进制数 ---> 2进制数";
cout << "\n（2）16进制数 ---> 8进制数";
cout << "\n（3）16进制数 ---> 10进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "\n请输入16进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(16, x);
decn(x, 2);
cout << "\n2进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "\n请输入16进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(16, x);
decn(x, 8);
cout << "\n8进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "\n请输入16进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(16, x);
cout << "\n10进制数为：" << x;
}
else menu();
}
}
非法性判断
注意小数点的个数，不符合进制要求的数字或字符。
n为进制，x为输入的进制数，sign为正负，point为小数点个数。（可以用do while进行化简）
int legal(int n, string& x,int sign)
{
unsigned int point = 0, illegal = 0,i;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.length(); i++)
{
if (x[i] == '.')
{
point++;
continue;
}
if (x[i] < '0' || x[i] >= n + '0')
illegal++;
if(n==16&&(x[i]>='A'||x[i]<='F'))
continue;
}
while (point >= 2 || illegal > 0)
{
cout << "输入错误，请重新输入：";
cin >> x;
sign = 0;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
point = 0, illegal = 0;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++)
{
if (x[i] == '.')
{
point++;
continue;
}
if (x[i] < '0' || x[i]>n + '0')
illegal++;
if (n == 16 && (x[i] >= 'A' || x[i] <= 'F'))
continue;
}
}
return point;
}
其他进制转换为十进制
void ndec(int n, string& x)
{
unsigned int whole_n = 0, i, j, k, point = 0, sign = 0, num = 1, whole = 0, small_n = 0, wn = 1, sn = 0, control_small = 0;//whole为整数部分，whole_n为整数位数（若为负数不会加一）
double small = 0, new_num;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
point=legal(n, x, sign);
if (point == 1)
{
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++, whole_n++)
if (x[i] == '.')
break;
for (i = i + 1; i < x.size(); i++)
small_n++;
for (j = 0 + sign; j < whole_n + sign; j++)
{
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < whole_n + sign - j - 1; k++)
num = num * n;
if (x[j] >= 'A' && x[j] <= 'F')
whole = whole + (int(x[j]) - 55) * num;
else whole = whole + (int(x[j]) - 48) * num;
}
for (control_small = 0, j = j + 1; j < x.size(); j++)
{
if (control_small >= 6)
break;
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < j - whole_n - sign; k++)
num = num * n;
if (x[j] >= 'A' && x[j] <= 'F')
small = small + (int(x[j]) - double(55)) / num;
else small = small + (int(x[j]) - double(48)) / num;
control_small++;
}
}
else
{
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++)
whole_n++;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size() + sign; i++)
{
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < x.size() - i - 1; k++)
num = num * n;
if (x[i] >= 'A' && x[i] <= 'F')
whole = whole + (int(x[i]) - 55) * num;
else whole = whole + (int(x[i]) - 48) * num;
}
}
new_num = whole + small;
double t = new_num;//以下是将数字转化为字符串
x = "";
if (sign)
x += '-';
while (int(t) / 10 != 0)
{
wn++;
t = t / 10;
}
t = new_num;
if (point)
{
while (t * 10 != (int(t)) * double(10))
{
sn++;
t = t * 10;
}
}
t = new_num;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < wn + sign; i++)
{
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < wn + sign - i - 1; k++)
num = num * 10;
x += int(t / num) + '0';
t = int(t) % num;
}
if (point)
{
x += '.';
t = new_num;
for (i = 0; i < sn; i++)
{
x += int((t - int(t)) * 10) + '0';
t = t * 10;
}
}
}
十进制转换为其他进制
void decn(string& x, int n)
{
unsigned int whole_n = 0, small_n = 0, i, j, point = 0, sign = 0, whole = 0, control_small;
double small = 0, new_num, t;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
point = legal(10, x, sign);
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++)
{
if (x[i] == '.')
break;
whole *= 10;
whole = whole + int(x[i] - '0');
}
for (j = x.size() - 1; j > i; j--)
{
small = small + x[j] - '0';
small = small / 10;
}
new_num = whole + small;
x = "";
if (sign)
x = "-";
fun_1(whole, x, n);
t = small;
if (point)
{
x += '.';
control_small = 0;
while (control_small < 5 && int(t * n) != t * n)
{
if (t * n >= 10)
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 55);
else
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 48);
t = t * n - int(t * n);
control_small++;
}
if (t * n >= 10)
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 55);
else
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 48);
}
}
void fun_1(int i, string& x, int n)
{
if (i >= n)
{
fun_1(i / n, x, n);
if (i >= 10)
x = x + char(i % n + 55);
else
x = x + char(i % n + 48);
}
else
{
if (i >= 10)
x = x + char(i + 55);
else
x = x + char(i + 48);
}
}
全部代码
#include<string>
#include <iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
void menu();
void two_menu_1();
void two_menu_2();
void two_menu_3();
void two_menu_4();
void ndec(int, string&);
void decn(string&, int);
void fun_1(int, string&, int);
int legal(int, string&,int);
int main()
{
menu();
return 0;
}
void menu()
{
int n = -1;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n**********************";
cout << "\n（1）2进制数转换";
cout << "\n（2）8进制数转换";
cout << "\n（3）10进制数转换";
cout << "\n（4）16进制数转换";
cout << "\n（0）退出";
cout << "\n**********************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>4)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
two_menu_1();
else if (n == 2)
two_menu_2();
else if (n == 3)
two_menu_3();
else if (n == 4)
two_menu_4();
else return;
}
}//主菜单的实现
void two_menu_1()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）2进制数 ---> 8进制数";
cout << "\n（2）2进制数 ---> 10进制数";
cout << "\n（3）2进制数 ---> 16进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "\n请输入2进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(2, x);
decn(x, 8);
cout << "\n8进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "\n请输入2进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(2, x);
cout << "\n10进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "\n请输入2进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(2, x);
decn(x, 16);
cout << "\n16进制数为：" << x;
}
else menu();
}
}//第一个子菜单
void two_menu_2()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）8进制数 ---> 2进制数";
cout << "\n（2）8进制数 ---> 10进制数";
cout << "\n（3）8进制数 ---> 16进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "请输入8进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(8, x);
decn(x, 2);
cout << "\n2进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "请输入8进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(8, x);
cout << "\n10进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "请输入8进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(8, x);
decn(x, 16);
cout << "\n16进制数为：" << x << endl;
}
else menu();
}
}
void two_menu_3()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0)
{
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）10进制数 ---> 2进制数";
cout << "\n（2）10进制数 ---> 8进制数";
cout << "\n（3）10进制数 ---> 16进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "\n请输入10进制数：";
cin >> x;
decn(x, 2);
cout << "\n2进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "\n请输入10进制数：";
cin >> x;
decn(x, 8);
cout << "\n8进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "\n请输入10进制数：";
cin >> x;
decn(x, 16);
cout << "\n16进制数为：" << x;
}
else menu();
}
}
void two_menu_4()
{
int n = -1;
string x;
while (n != 0) {
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n（1）16进制数 ---> 2进制数";
cout << "\n（2）16进制数 ---> 8进制数";
cout << "\n（3）16进制数 ---> 10进制数";
cout << "\n（0）返回上级目录";
cout << "\n*******************************";
cout << "\n请输入功能号:";
cin >> n;
while (n < 0 || n>3)
{
cout << "\n输入错误，请重新输入功能号：";
cin >> n;
}
if (n == 1)
{
cout << "\n请输入16进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(16, x);
decn(x, 2);
cout << "\n2进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
cout << "\n请输入16进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(16, x);
decn(x, 8);
cout << "\n8进制数为：" << x;
}
else if (n == 3)
{
cout << "\n请输入16进制数：";
cin >> x;
ndec(16, x);
cout << "\n10进制数为：" << x;
}
else menu();
}
}
void ndec(int n, string& x)
{
unsigned int whole_n = 0, i, j, k, point = 0, sign = 0, num = 1, whole = 0, small_n = 0, wn = 1, sn = 0, control_small = 0;//whole为整数部分，whole_n为整数位数（若为负数不会加一）
double small = 0, new_num;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
point=legal(n, x, sign);
if (point == 1)
{
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++, whole_n++)
if (x[i] == '.')
break;
for (i = i + 1; i < x.size(); i++)
small_n++;
for (j = 0 + sign; j < whole_n + sign; j++)
{
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < whole_n + sign - j - 1; k++)
num = num * n;
if (x[j] >= 'A' && x[j] <= 'F')
whole = whole + (int(x[j]) - 55) * num;
else whole = whole + (int(x[j]) - 48) * num;
}
for (control_small = 0, j = j + 1; j < x.size(); j++)
{
if (control_small >= 6)
break;
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < j - whole_n - sign; k++)
num = num * n;
if (x[j] >= 'A' && x[j] <= 'F')
small = small + (int(x[j]) - double(55)) / num;
else small = small + (int(x[j]) - double(48)) / num;
control_small++;
}
}
else
{
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++)
whole_n++;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size() + sign; i++)
{
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < x.size() - i - 1; k++)
num = num * n;
if (x[i] >= 'A' && x[i] <= 'F')
whole = whole + (int(x[i]) - 55) * num;
else whole = whole + (int(x[i]) - 48) * num;
}
}
new_num = whole + small;
double t = new_num;//以下是将数字转化为字符串
x = "";
if (sign)
x += '-';
while (int(t) / 10 != 0)
{
wn++;
t = t / 10;
}
t = new_num;
if (point)
{
while (t * 10 != (int(t)) * double(10))
{
sn++;
t = t * 10;
}
}
t = new_num;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < wn + sign; i++)
{
num = 1;
for (k = 0; k < wn + sign - i - 1; k++)
num = num * 10;
x += int(t / num) + '0';
t = int(t) % num;
}
if (point)
{
x += '.';
t = new_num;
for (i = 0; i < sn; i++)
{
x += int((t - int(t)) * 10) + '0';
t = t * 10;
}
}
}
void decn(string& x, int n)
{
unsigned int whole_n = 0, small_n = 0, i, j, point = 0, sign = 0, whole = 0, control_small;
double small = 0, new_num, t;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
point = legal(10, x, sign);
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++)
{
if (x[i] == '.')
break;
whole *= 10;
whole = whole + int(x[i] - '0');
}
for (j = x.size() - 1; j > i; j--)
{
small = small + x[j] - '0';
small = small / 10;
}
new_num = whole + small;
x = "";
if (sign)
x = "-";
fun_1(whole, x, n);
t = small;
if (point)
{
x += '.';
control_small = 0;
while (control_small < 5 && int(t * n) != t * n)
{
if (t * n >= 10)
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 55);
else
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 48);
t = t * n - int(t * n);
control_small++;
}
if (t * n >= 10)
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 55);
else
x = x + char(int(t * n) + 48);
}
}
void fun_1(int i, string& x, int n)
{
if (i >= n)
{
fun_1(i / n, x, n);
if (i >= 10)
x = x + char(i % n + 55);
else
x = x + char(i % n + 48);
}
else
{
if (i >= 10)
x = x + char(i + 55);
else
x = x + char(i + 48);
}
}
int legal(int n, string& x,int sign)
{
unsigned int point = 0, illegal = 0,i;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.length(); i++)
{
if (x[i] == '.')
{
point++;
continue;
}
if (x[i] < '0' || x[i] >= n + '0')
illegal++;
if(n==16&&(x[i]>='A'||x[i]<='F'))
continue;
}
while (point >= 2 || illegal > 0)
{
cout << "输入错误，请重新输入：";
cin >> x;
sign = 0;
if (x[0] == '-')
sign++;
point = 0, illegal = 0;
for (i = 0 + sign; i < x.size(); i++)
{
if (x[i] == '.')
{
point++;
continue;
}
if (x[i] < '0' || x[i]>n + '0')
illegal++;
if (n == 16 && (x[i] >= 'A' || x[i] <= 'F'))
continue;
}
}
return point;
}
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