HttpServlet

HttpServlet是用HTTP协议实现的Servlet基类，我们在写servlet时直接继承它就可以，不需再从头要实现servlet接口。
springMVC中的DispatcherServlet就是继承的HttpServlet
HttpServlet主要关心的是如何处理请求，所以它主要是重写了service方法，
在service方法中先将ServletRequest和ServletResponse转换为HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse

然后根据http请求类型的不同将请求路由到了不同的处理方法。

public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
    
    ...篇幅问题，省略部分代码
    
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpServletRequest request;
        HttpServletResponse response;
        try {
            //类型转换
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            //如果请求类型不相符，则抛出异常
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        //调用方法
        service(request, response);
    }

    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求类型
        String method = req.getMethod();
        //将不同的请求类型路由到不同的处理方法
        if (method.equals("GET")) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1L) {
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                    ifModifiedSince = -1L;
                }
                if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified / 1000L * 1000L) {
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(304);
                }
            }
        } else if (method.equals("HEAD")) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("POST")) {
            doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("PUT")) {
            doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("DELETE")) {
            doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("OPTIONS")) {
            doOptions(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("TRACE")) {
            doTrace(req, resp);
        } else {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);

            resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
        }
    }
}