用C语言编写实现对n个进程采用动态优先权算法的进程调度模拟程序。
1.首先设计定义变量
- 进程标识号:PID
- 进程名:PNAME
- 进程优先数SUPER,并规定优先数越大的进程,其优先权越高;假定在调度过程中,进程每运行一个时间片,其优先数减2;进程每在就绪队列中待一个时间片,则其优先数加1。(可自行设定动态优先数的变化规律)
- 进程已占用的CPU时间RUNTIME(rtime)。
- 进程最大需占用的CPU时间NEEDTIME(ntime)。当RUNTIME等于NEEDTIME时,进程运行完毕。
进程状态STATE。假设实验中的进程只有三种状态:就绪(Wait)、运行(Running)和完成(Finished)。
2.设计所需结构体和函数
定义进程控制块PCB
struct pcb /*定义进程控制块PCB*/
{ char name[10]; /*进程名*/
char state; /*状态:R-运行,W-就绪,F-完成*/
int super; /*优先数*/
int ntime; /*所需运行时间 need time*/
int rtime; /*已经运行时间 run time*/
struct pcb * next;
}*ready=NULL,*p; /* ready指向就绪队列,P指向当前节点 */
typedef struct pcb PCB;
对进程进行优先级排列函数
void sort(){
PCB *first, *second;
int insert = 0;
if ((ready == NULL) || ((p->super) > (ready->super))) //优先级最大者,插入就绪队列队首
{
p->next =ready;//插入的数据作为链表头结点
ready = p;//头结点指针指向插入数
}
else //进程比较优先级,插入适当的位置中
{
first = ready;
second = first->next;
while (second != NULL)
{
if ((p->super) > (second->super)) //若插入进程比当前进程优先数大
{ //插入到当前进程前面
p->next = second;
first->next = p;
second = NULL;
insert = 1;
}
else//插入进程优先数最低,则插入到队尾
{
first = first->next;
second = second->next;
}
}
if (insert == 0)
first->next = p;
}
}
输入进程控制块函数
void input()
{
int n;
printf("Please Input the Number of Process:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("process id No.%d\n",i+1);
p=getpch(PCB);
printf("process name:");
scanf("%s", p->name);
printf("process priority:");
scanf("%d", &p->super);
printf("process need running time:");
scanf("%d", &p->ntime);
p->rtime=0;
p->state='W';
p->next=NULL;
sort();
}
}
获取就绪状态的进程数
int space()
{
int len=0;
PCB* pr=ready;
while (pr!=NULL)
{
len++;
pr = pr->next;
}
return(len);
}
展示进程各个变量的具体内容
void disp(PCB * pr)
{
printf("\n name state super ntime rtime\n");
printf(" %s\t", pr->name);
printf(" %c\t", pr->state);
printf(" %d\t", pr->super);
printf(" %d\t", pr->ntime);
printf(" %d\t", pr->rtime);
printf(" \n");
}
查看进程信息,显示当前处于运行态的进程和处于就绪队列的进程
void look()
{
PCB* pr;
printf("\n**** the running process is:%s", p->name);
disp(p);
pr = ready;
printf("\n**** the ready process is:\n");
while (pr != NULL)
{
disp(pr);
pr = pr->next;
}
}
建立进程就绪函数(进程运行时间到,置就绪状态)
void running()
{
PCB *pr;
(p->rtime)++;
pr=ready;
while(ready!=NULL){
(ready->super)++;
ready=ready->next;
}ready=pr;
if (p->rtime == p->ntime)
{
printf("\n process[%s] is finished.\n", p->name);
free(p);
}
else
{
(p->super)=(p->super)-2;
p->state = 'W';
sort();
}
}
下面为程序源代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define getpch(type) (type *)malloc(sizeof(type))
struct pcb /*定义进程控制块PCB*/
{ char name[10]; /*进程名*/
char state; /*状态:R-运行,W-就绪,F-完成*/
int super; /*优先数*/
int ntime; /*所需运行时间 need time*/
int rtime; /*已经运行时间 run time*/
struct pcb * next;
}*ready=NULL,*p; /* ready指向就绪队列,P指向当前节点 */
typedef struct pcb PCB;
//对进程进行优先级排列函数
void sort(){
PCB *first, *second;
int insert = 0;
if ((ready == NULL) || ((p->super) > (ready->super))) //优先级最大者,插入就绪队列队首
{
p->next =ready;//插入的数据作为链表头结点
ready = p;//头结点指针指向插入数
}
else //进程比较优先级,插入适当的位置中
{
first = ready;
second = first->next;
while (second != NULL)
{
if ((p->super) > (second->super)) //若插入进程比当前进程优先数大
{ //插入到当前进程前面
p->next = second;
first->next = p;
second = NULL;
insert = 1;
}
else//插入进程优先数最低,则插入到队尾
{
first = first->next;
second = second->next;
}
}
if (insert == 0)
first->next = p;
}
}
void input()
{
int n;
printf("Please Input the Number of Process:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("process id No.%d\n",i+1);
p=getpch(PCB);
printf("process name:");
scanf("%s", p->name);
printf("process priority:");
scanf("%d", &p->super);
printf("process need running time:");
scanf("%d", &p->ntime);
p->rtime=0;
p->state='W';
p->next=NULL;
sort();
}
}
int space()
{
int len=0;
PCB* pr=ready;
while (pr!=NULL)
{
len++;
pr = pr->next;
}
return(len);
}
void disp(PCB * pr)
{
printf("\n name state super ntime rtime\n");
printf(" %s\t", pr->name);
printf(" %c\t", pr->state);
printf(" %d\t", pr->super);
printf(" %d\t", pr->ntime);
printf(" %d\t", pr->rtime);
printf(" \n");
}
void look()
{
PCB* pr;
printf("\n**** the running process is:%s", p->name);
disp(p);
pr = ready;
printf("\n**** the ready process is:\n");
while (pr != NULL)
{
disp(pr);
pr = pr->next;
}
}
void running()
{
PCB *pr;
(p->rtime)++;
pr=ready;
while(ready!=NULL){
(ready->super)++;
ready=ready->next;
}ready=pr;
if (p->rtime == p->ntime)
{
printf("\n process[%s] is finished.\n", p->name);
free(p);
}
else
{
(p->super)=(p->super)-2;
p->state = 'W';
sort();
}
}
main( )
{ int len, h=0; /*len存放就绪进程的数量,h为运行的时间片序号*/
char ch;
input( ); /*接收用户输入,建立ready指向的进程链表*/
len=space( ); /*获取就绪状态的进程数*/
while((len!=0)&&(ready!=NULL))
{ ch=getchar( );
h++;
printf("\n The execute number:%d",h);
p=ready; /*运行就绪队列的队首进程*/
ready=p->next; /*更改就绪队列指针*/
p->next=NULL; /*摘下队首进程*/
p->state='R'; /*置为运行状态*/
look( ); /*查看并显示运行和就绪的进程信息*/
running( );
printf("\n please press any key to continue......");
ch=getchar( );
}
printf("\n\n All processes are finished.\n");
ch=getchar( );
}
运行结果: