kubernetes学习之 ConfigMap和Secret配置应用程序(1)

向容器传递命令行参数

在docker中定义命令行参数

了解ENTRYPOINT和CMD

在dockerfile中的两种指令分别定义命令与参数这两个部分

• ENTRYPOINT定义容器启动时被调用的可执行程序
• CMD指定传递给ENTRYPOINT的参数

利用ConfigMap解耦配置

kubernetes允许将配置选项分离到单独的资源对象ConfigMap中，本质上就是一个key/value对映射，值可以时短字面量，也可以时完整的配置文件。

映射的内容通过环境变量或者卷文件的形式传递给容器，而并非直接传递给容器。

 

创建ConfigMap

使用指令kubectl创建ConfigMap

Create ConfigMaps from directories

kubectl create configmap game-config-2 --from-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/game.properties
-------------

would produce the following ConfigMap:

kubectl describe configmaps game-config-2

where the output is similar to this:

Name:         game-config-2
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
game.properties:
----
enemies=aliens
lives=3
enemies.cheat=true
enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
secret.code.allowed=true
secret.code.lives=30

---------------

kubectl create configmap game-config-2 --from-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/game.properties --from-file=configure-pod-container/configmap/ui.properties

Create ConfigMaps from literal values
kubectl create configmap special-config --from-literal=special.how=very --from-literal=special.type=charm

------------------------------

kubectl get configmaps special-config -o yaml

The output is similar to this:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-02-18T19:14:38Z
  name: special-config
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "651"
  uid: dadce046-d673-11e5-8cd0-68f728db1985
data:
  special.how: very
  special.type: charm

-----------------------------

给容器传递ConfigMap条目作为环境变量

 

---------------

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
      env:
        # Define the environment variable
        - name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              # The ConfigMap containing the value you want to assign to SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
              name: special-config
              # Specify the key associated with the value
              key: special.how
  restartPolicy: Never
  
  Create the Pod:

kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-single-configmap-env-variable.yaml
---------------

 

Define container environment variables with data from multiple ConfigMaps 

----------

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
      env:
        - name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: special-config
              key: special.how
        - name: LOG_LEVEL
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: env-config
              key: log_level
  restartPolicy: Never
-------------------------------------------

Use ConfigMap-defined environment variables in Pod commands

-------------------------------------------

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/echo", "$(SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY) $(SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY)" ]
      env:
        - name: SPECIAL_LEVEL_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: special-config
              key: SPECIAL_LEVEL
        - name: SPECIAL_TYPE_KEY
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: special-config
              key: SPECIAL_TYPE
  restartPolicy: Never
 

------------------------------------------

Populate a Volume with data stored in a ConfigMap 

-------------------

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "ls /etc/config/" ]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        # Provide the name of the ConfigMap containing the files you want
        # to add to the container
        name: special-config
  restartPolicy: Never
 

------------------

Add ConfigMap data to a specific path in the Volume

------------------------

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: dapi-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh","-c","cat /etc/config/keys" ]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: special-config
        items:
        - key: SPECIAL_LEVEL
          path: keys
  restartPolicy: Never
 

-------------------------

*挂载某一文件夹会隐藏该文件夹中已经存在的文件

Configmap独立条目作为文件被挂载且不隐藏文件夹中的其他文件。

-----------

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-lamp-site
spec:
    containers:
    - name: mysql
      image: mysql
      env:
      - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
        value: "rootpasswd"
      volumeMounts:
      - mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
        name: site-data
        subPath: mysql
    - name: php
      image: php:7.0-apache
      volumeMounts:
      - mountPath: /var/www/html
        name: site-data
        subPath: html
    volumes:
    - name: site-data
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: my-lamp-site-data

-------------

https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#using-subpath