使用反射机制是有一些缺点的。其最大的缺点就是编译器无法对对象进行类型检查,此时IDE的智能感知将无能为力。但是他的真正优势又在什么地方呢?它提供了一种手段,将指定具体类推迟到了运行时刻。
使用反射机制调用方法的四步曲:
1 加载程序集
2 获取类的类型
3 创建该类的实例
4 调用该实例的方法
System.Reflection.Assembly类中有两个静态方法Assembly.Load(string assemblyName)和Assembly.LoadFrom(string fileName)来把程序集加载到应用程序序域中。
PS:在。NET中当一个对象被创建时,幕后到底发生了什么?当我们运行某一个应用程序时,.NET CLR会首先创建一个应用程序域来容纳这个应用程序,接着将应该引用的程序集加载到应用程序域中。其中MSCorLib.dll是一个程序集,它包含了很多系统命名空间及其子命名空间中的类:System;System.Text,System.IO等。该程序集合中。然后CLR加载正在运行的应用程序所属的程序集。
DEMO:
<一>
(1)namespace ClassLibrarySport
{
publicabstractclass Sport
{
protectedstring name;
publicabstractstring GetName();
publicabstractstring GetDuration();
}
}
= = = = = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = =
(2)namespace ClassLibrarySomeSports//该项目添加了对(1)的引用
{
publicclassFootball : ClassLibrarySport.Sport
{
public Football()
{
name = "Football";
}
publicoverridestring GetName()
{
return name;
}
publicoverridestring GetDuration()
{
return"four 15 minute quarters";
}
}
}
= = = = = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = =
(3)namespace ConsoleAssemblyTest//该项目添加了对(1)的引用
{
classProgram
{
staticvoid Main(string[] args)
{
Assembly assembly =Assembly.LoadFrom(@"E:"ClassLibrarySomeSports"
bin"Debug"ClassLibrarySomeSports.dll");
Type[] types = assembly.GetTypes();
Console.WriteLine("Get Type From ClassLibrarySomeSports.dll:");
for (int i = 0; i < types.Length; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(types[i].Name);
}
//使用GetConstructor()方法获取对应类型的构造器,从而构造出该类型的对象
Console.WriteLine("Use Method GetConstructor():");
ConstructorInfo ci = types[0].GetConstructor(newType[0]);
ClassLibrarySport.Sport sport = (ClassLibrarySport.Sport)ci.Invoke(newobject[0]);
Console.WriteLine(sport.GetName() +" has " + sport.GetDuration());
//使用Activator.CreateInstance()方法构造出该类型的对象
//使用assembly.CreateInstance()返回为null,??
Console.WriteLine("Use Method CreateInstance():");
ClassLibrarySport.Sport sport1 = (ClassLibrarySport.Sport)
Activator.CreateInstance(types[0]);
Console.WriteLine(sport1.GetName() +" has " + sport1.GetDuration());
//反射指定类型中的名称为“GetDuration”的方法,通过Invoke()方法执行该方法
object objSport =Activator.CreateInstance(types[0]);
MethodInfo method = types[0].GetMethod("GetDuration");
object o = method.Invoke(objSport,newobject[0]);
Console.WriteLine(oasstring);
Console.Read();
}
}
}
= = = = = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = == = =
Output:
Get Type From ClassLibrarySomeSports.dll:
Football
Use Method GetConstructor():
Football has four 15 minute quarters
Use Method CreateInstance():
Football has four 15 minute quarters
four 15 minute quarters
<二>
1 创建用于反射使用的DLL
新建一个C#类库项目,拷贝源代码如下,编译生成DLL(假如DLL的文件名是TestReflect.dll)
1using System;
2
3namespace Webtest
4{
5 /// <summary>
6 /// ReflectTest 的摘要说明。
7 /// </summary>
8 public class ReflectTest
9 {
10 public ReflectTest()
11
12
13 public string WriteString(string s)
14
17
18 /// <summary>
19 /// dsajkjflasjdfalksdjfaskfd
20 /// </summary>
21 /// <param name="s"></param>
22 /// <returns></returns>
23 public static string WriteName(string s)
24
27
28 public string WriteNoPara()
29
32 }
33}
34
35
36
2 应用于反射的例子
在ASPNET页面中加入以下函数:
1public void test1()
2 {
3 System.Reflection.Assembly ass;
4 Type type ;
5 object obj;
6 try
7 {
8 ass = System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFile(@"d:\TestReflect.dll");
9 type = ass.GetType("Webtest.ReflectTest");//必须使用名称空间+类名称
10 System.Reflection.MethodInfo method = type.GetMethod("WriteString");//方法的名称
11 obj = ass.CreateInstance("Webtest.ReflectTest");//必须使用名称空间+类名称
12 string s = (string)method.Invoke(obj,new string[]{"jianglijun"}); //实例方法的调用
13
14 Response.Write(s+"<br>");
15 method = type.GetMethod("WriteName");//方法的名称
16 s = (string)method.Invoke(null,new string[]{"jianglijun"}); //静态方法的调用
17 Response.Write(s+"<br>");
18
19 method = type.GetMethod("WriteNoPara");//无参数的实例方法
20 s = (string)method.Invoke(obj,null);
21 Response.Write(s+"<br>");
22 method = null;
23 }
24 catch(Exception ex)
25 {
26 Response.Write(ex+"<br>");
27 }
28 finally
29 {
30 ass = null;
31 type = null;
32 obj = null;
33 }
34 }