字符设备驱动实例
有了上一节的基础,下面学习一下如何编写一个字符设备驱动,并通过客户端测试,验证字符设备驱动是否创建成功
1、字符设备驱动程序
下面是字符设备驱动源码
borytest.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#define BORY_MAJOR 255 /*预设bory的主设备号*/
static int bory_major = BORY_MAJOR;
struct bory_dev /*设备号结构体*/
{
struct cdev cdev;
atomic_t counter;
struct timer_list s_timer;
};
struct bory_dev *bory_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/
static void bory_timer_handle(unsigned long arg) /*定时器处理函数*/
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_timer_handle ");
mod_timer(&bory_devp->s_timer, jiffies + HZ);
atomic_inc(&bory_devp->counter);
printk(KERN_ERR "current jiffies is %ld\n", jiffies);
}
int bory_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) /*文件打开函数*/
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_open ");
init_timer(&bory_devp->s_timer);
bory_devp->s_timer.function = &bory_timer_handle;
bory_devp->s_timer.expires = jiffies + HZ;
add_timer(&bory_devp->s_timer); /*注册定时器*/
atomic_set(&bory_devp->counter, 0);
return 0;
}
int bory_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) /*文件释放*/
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_release ");
del_timer(&bory_devp->s_timer);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t bory_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_read ");
int counter;
counter = atomic_read(&bory_devp->counter);
if(put_user(counter, (int*)buf))
{
return -EFAULT;
}else
{
return sizeof(unsigned int);
}
}
/* 文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations bory_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = bory_open,
.release = bory_release,
.read = bory_read,
};
/*初始化并注册cdev*/
static void bory_setup_cdev(struct bory_dev *dev, int index)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_setup_cdev 1");
int err, devno = MKDEV(bory_major, index);
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_setup_cdev 2");
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &bory_fops);
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_setup_cdev 3");
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &bory_fops;
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_setup_cdev 4");
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_setup_cdev 5");
if(err)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d add bory %d", err, index);
}
}
int bory_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_init ");
int ret;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(bory_major, 0);
/*申请设备号*/
if(bory_major)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_init 1");
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "bory");
}else
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_init 2");
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,"bory");
bory_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
if(ret < 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_init 3");
return ret;
}
/*动态申请设备结构体内存*/
bory_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct bory_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if(!bory_devp) /*申请失败*/
{
ret = -ENOMEM;
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error add bory");
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(bory_devp,0,sizeof(struct bory_dev));
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_init 3");
bory_setup_cdev(bory_devp, 0);
printk(KERN_NOTICE "======== bory_init 4");
return 0;
fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);
}
void bory_exit(void) /*模块卸载*/
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "End bory");
cdev_del(&bory_devp->cdev); /*注销cdev*/
kfree(bory_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(bory_major,0),1); //释放设备号
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("BORY");
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
module_param(bory_major, int, S_IRUGO);
module_init(bory_init);
module_exit(bory_exit);
下面是Makefile文件
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
obj-m := borytest.o
else
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)
default:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
endif
然后在所在目录下敲命令make,ls可以察看一下文件
bory@borya:~/driver/timertest2$ ls
borytest.c borytest.mod.c borytest.o Makefile~ Module.symvers
borytest.ko borytest.mod.o Makefile modules.order
装载borytest.ko
bory@borya:~/driver/timertest2$ sudo insmod ./borytest.ko
使用dmesg命令查看打印出的log信息
bory@borya:~/driver/timertest2$ dmesg | tail -10
[26341.765552] End second
[26586.476212] ======== bory_init
[26586.476216] ======== bory_init 1
[26586.476219] ======== bory_init 3
[26586.476220] ======== bory_setup_cdev 1
[26586.476221] ======== bory_setup_cdev 2
[26586.476223] ======== bory_setup_cdev 3
[26586.476224] ======== bory_setup_cdev 4
[26586.476227] ======== bory_setup_cdev 5
[26586.476228] ======== bory_init 4
此时同样可以使用lsmod命令查看上面的字符设备是否已经加载成功
bory@borya:~/driver/timertest2$ lsmod | head -5
Module Size Used by
borytest 12714 0
hello 12448 0
nls_utf8 12493 1
isofs 39549 1
2、客户端测试程序
好了,字符设备驱动已经完成,下面写个客户端测试程序
test.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(void)
{
int fd,i;
int data;
fd = open("/sys/module/borytest", O_RDONLY);/*打开/dev/second设备文件*/
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("open /dev/borytest error\n");
} else
{
printf("open /dev/borytest success\n");
}
close(fd);
}
用命令gcc -o test.o testc编译
bory@borya:~/driver/test$ gcc -o test.o test.c
bory@borya:~/driver/test$ ./test.o
open /dev/borytest success
看到打印结果了,说明打开字符设备成功!
3、出错处理
加载字符设备驱动时,可能会出现 "Device or resource busy"的错误,这很可能是因为你定义的字符设备号已经被使用了,需要修改
#define BORY_MAJOR 255
的值。
如何查看字符设备号是否被使用了呢,使用下面的命令
bory@borya:~/driver/test$ cat /proc/devices
Character devices:
255 bory
1 mem
4 /dev/vc/0
4 tty
4 ttyS
5 /dev/tty
5 /dev/console
5 /dev/ptmx
5 ttyprintk
6 lp
7 vcs
10 misc
13 input
21 sg
29 fb
99 ppdev
108 ppp
116 alsa
128 ptm
136 pts
180 usb
189 usb_device
216 rfcomm
226 drm
251 hidraw
252 usbmon
253 bsg
254 rtc
Block devices:
1 ramdisk
259 blkext
7 loop
8 sd
9 md
11 sr
65 sd
66 sd
67 sd
68 sd
69 sd
70 sd
71 sd
128 sd
129 sd
130 sd
131 sd
132 sd
133 sd
134 sd
135 sd
253 device-mapper
254 mdp
可以看到,上面有
255 bory
如果下次写字符设备驱动时,就不能再使用255设备号了。