std::forward功能介绍

之前小节介绍了移动构造函数和std::move的作用，本小节将基于此介绍相关的std::forward功能。std::forward的作用是：如果参数不是左值引用那么返回右值引用，如果参数是左值引用，不作修改返回，我们基于move的实例来说明：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
 
class Str{
    public:
        char *str;
        Str(char value[])
        {
            cout<<"origin construct function..."<<endl;
            str = NULL;
            int len = strlen(value);
            str = new char[len + 1];
            memset(str,0,len + 1);
            strcpy(str,value);
        }
        Str(const Str &s)
        {
            cout<<"copy construct function..."<<endl;
            str = NULL;
            int len = strlen(s.str);
            str = new char[len + 1];
            memset(str,0,len + 1);
            strcpy(str,s.str);
        }
        Str(Str &&s)
        {
            cout<<"move construct function..."<<endl;
            str = s.str;
            s.str = NULL;
        }
        ~Str()
        {
            cout<<"destruct funciton..."<<endl;
            if(str != NULL)
            {
                delete []str;
                str = NULL;
            }
        }
};
template<typename T>
Str* createStr(T t) {
	return new Str(t);
}
template<typename T>
Str* createStr1(T t) {
	return new Str(std::forward<T>(t));
}
int main()
{
   char value[] = "Hello World!";
   std::cout << "step 1" << std::endl;
   Str s1(value);
   Str s2(value);
   std::cout << "step 2" << std::endl;
   createStr(s1);
   std::cout << "step 3" << std::endl;
   createStr(std::move(s1));
   std::cout << "step 4" << std::endl;
   createStr1(std::move(s2));
   return 0;
}

输出结果如下：

step 1
origin construct function...
origin construct function...
step 2
copy construct function...
copy construct function...
destruct funciton...
step 3
move construct function...
copy construct function...
destruct funciton...
step 4
move construct function...
move construct function...
destruct funciton...
destruct funciton...
destruct funciton...

可以看到，对于step3，如果不加std::foward，尽管模板函数createStr输入为右值引用，但在进一步传递给构造函数时，由于其为变量，都会被认为是左值，这时需要加上std::forwad来依然保持其为右值引用，从而两次都调用了移动构造函数，提升了效率，这就是std::forward的作用。