i="variable";//String类型
i={x:4};//Object类型
i=[1,2,3];//Array类型
var myVar = "3.14159";str = ""+ myVar;// to stringint = ~~myVar;// to integerfloat = 1*myVar; // to floatbool = !!myVar, /* to boolean - any string with length and any number except 0 are true */array = [myVar]; // to array转换日期(new Date(myVar))和正则表达式(new RegExp(myVar))必须使用构造函数,而且创建正则表达式的时候要使用/pattern/flags的形式。
(int).toString(8); // converts int to octal, eg. 12 => "14"
parseInt(string,16) // converts hex to int, eg. "FF" => 255
parseInt(string,8) // converts octal to int, eg. "20" => 16
0xFF; // Hex declaration, returns 255
020; // Octal declaration, returns 16
1e3; // Exponential, same as 1 * Math.pow(10,3), returns 1000
(1000).toExponential(); // Opposite with previous, returns 1e3
(3.1415).toFixed(3); // Rounding the number, returns "3.142"
var JS_ver = [];
(Number.prototype.toFixed)?JS_ver.push("1.5"):false;
([].indexOf && [].forEach)?JS_ver.push("1.6"):false;
((function(){try {[a,b] = [0,1];return true;}catch(ex) {return false;}})())?JS_ver.push("1.7"):false;
([].reduce && [].reduceRight && JSON)?JS_ver.push("1.8"):false;
("".trimLeft)?JS_ver.push("1.8.1"):false;
JS_ver.supports = function()
{
if (arguments[0])
return (!!~this.join().indexOf(arguments[0] +",") +",");
else
return (this[this.length-1]);
}
alert("Latest Javascript version supported: "+ JS_ver.supports());
alert("Support for version 1.7 : "+ JS_ver.supports("1.7"));
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这个问题包含两个方面,既有检查属性时候存在,还要获取属性的类型。但我们总是忽略了这些小事情:
// BAD: This will cause an error in code when foo is undefined
if (foo) {
doSomething();
}
// GOOD: This doesn't cause any errors. However, even when
// foo is set to NULL or false, the condition validates as true
if (typeof foo != "undefined") {
doSomething();
}
// BETTER: This doesn't cause any errors and in addition
// values NULL or false won't validate as true
if (window.foo) {
doSomething();
}
但是,有的情况下,我们有更深的结构和需要更合适的检查的时候,可以这样:
// UGLY: we have to proof existence of every
// object before we can be sure property actually exists
if (window.oFoo && oFoo.oBar && oFoo.oBar.baz) {
doSomething();
}
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当函数既有必选又有可选参数的时候,我们可能是这样做的:
function doSomething(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) {
...
}
doSomething('', 'foo', 5, [], false);
而传递一个对象总是比传递一堆的参数更方便:
function doSomething() {
// Leaves the function if nothing is passed
if (!arguments[0]) {
return false;
}
var oArgs = arguments[0]
arg0 = oArgs.arg0 || "",
arg1 = oArgs.arg1 || "",
arg2 = oArgs.arg2 || 0,
arg3 = oArgs.arg3 || [],
arg4 = oArgs.arg4 || false;
}
doSomething({
arg1 : "foo",
arg2 : 5,
arg4 : false
});
这只是一个把对象作为参数传递的一个很简单的例子,例如,我们还可以声明一个对象,变量名作为Key,默认值作为Value。
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您可能需要动态地追加多个元素到文档中。然而,直接将它们插入到文档中会导致这个文档每次都需要重新布局一个,相反的,你应该使用文档碎片,建成后只追加一次:
function createList() {
var aLI = ["first item", "second item", "third item",
"fourth item", "fith item"];
// Creates the fragment
var oFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();
while (aLI.length) {
var oLI = document.createElement("li");
// Removes the first item from array and appends it
// as a text node to LI element
oLI.appendChild(document.createTextNode(aLI.shift()));
oFrag.appendChild(oLI);
}
document.getElementById('myUL').appendChild(oFrag);
}
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有的时候你想替换字符串的某个部分为其它的值,最好的方法就是给String.replace()传递一个独立的函数。下面是一个简单例子:
var sFlop = "Flop: [Ah] [Ks] [7c]";
var aValues = {"A":"Ace","K":"King",7:"Seven"};
var aSuits = {"h":"Hearts","s":"Spades",
"d":"Diamonds","c":"Clubs"};
sFlop = sFlop.replace(/\[\w+\]/gi, function(match) {
match = match.replace(match[2], aSuits[match[2]]);
match = match.replace(match[1], aValues[match[1]] +" of ");
return match;
});
// string sFlop now contains:
// "Flop: [Ace of Hearts] [King of Spades] [Seven of Clubs]"
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outerloop:
for (var iI=0;iI<5;iI++) {
if (somethingIsTrue()) {
// Breaks the outer loop iteration
break outerloop;
}
innerloop:
for (var iA=0;iA<5;iA++) {
if (somethingElseIsTrue()) {
// Breaks the inner loop iteration
break innerloop;
}
}
}
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