Structural Pattern

1. Adapter(Wrapper)

1. Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect.
2. 有时候一些工具类被设计为复用, 但是由于接口不匹配的问题不能够复用
3. Adapter会为Adaptee(adapted class)增加一些没有的没有的功能, 用来与应用程序相适配.

1. 实现方式:
   1. class composition(更加灵活 <- 多态性)
   2. multi-inheritance
2. Pluggable adaptors
   1. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27210898/what-is-pluggable-adapter-design-pattern
   2. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/449424/can-anybody-explain-the-concept-of-pluggable-adapter-to-me-with-good-example

adapter向上展现的接口一致的 adapter向下调用的方式一致(通过函数对象\可调用对象\lambda表达式, 这些可以用括号调用的对象, 统称"函子(factor)")

2. Bridge Pattern (Handle/Body)

1. Decouple an abstraction from ites implementation so that the two can vary independently
2. 使用继承会使得类的数量大幅度增长, 而桥接模式可以使类的数量保持的比较少

3. Facade[fə'sɑːd] Pattern

1. Provide a unified interface to a set of interface in a subsystem. Facade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use
2. 比如:

对于一个可以编译多种语言的编译器, 其底层的scanner, parser, codeGenerator等如何调用, 被compiler给统一起来,用户要编译源代码时,只要调用compile即可s

4. Composite Pattern

Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies.

Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly