获取客户端IP
某些情况下需要或取用户客户端的ip,用来统计或者拦截,比如有些网站是需要屏蔽海外ip的访问的,这就需要获取客户端的访问ip。一般情况下用HttpServletRequest对象的getRemoteAddr()方法即可获取。但是当请求经过HTTP代理或反向代理(如ngrok、nginx等)后这样获取ip是不正确的,这有点类似于跳板机。服务经过反向代理后拿到的IP已经不是"第一层"IP了,而是代理服务器这个"中介"的IP了,有时候甚至存在多级反向代理,那这个时候如何准确的获取客户端的IP呢?原来在存在代理的情况下,请求头会加上一些特定信息,如:x-forwarded-for、Proxy-Client-IP、WL-Proxy-Client-IP等来指向ip地址,于是乎获取ip变得简单起来。
public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip;
}
存在多级代理时,则取第一个非 unknown 的IP
public static String getIpAddrAdvanced(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
if (ip != null && ip.indexOf(",") != -1) {
String[] ipWithMultiProxy = ip.split(",");
for(int i = 0; i < ipWithMultiProxy.length; ++i) {
String eachIpSegement = ipWithMultiProxy[i];
if (!"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(eachIpSegement)) {
ip = eachIpSegement;
break;
}
}
}
return ip;
}
获取本机IP
这个有什么应用场景呢?举个栗子,分布式应用环境中,为了保证定时任务只在单台服务器上跑,可在定时任务的逻辑中加上ip的判断(服务器,比如说公网linux的ip是已知的),来决定哪些服务器上可以跑定时任务(当然,这种场景也可以使用zookeeper客户端Curator实现或者分布式锁实现)
public String getLocalIP() throws Exception {
try {
InetAddress candidateAddress = null;
for (Enumeration ifaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces(); ifaces.hasMoreElements(); ) {
NetworkInterface iface = (NetworkInterface) ifaces.nextElement();
for (Enumeration inetAddrs = iface.getInetAddresses(); inetAddrs.hasMoreElements(); ) {
InetAddress inetAddr = (InetAddress) inetAddrs.nextElement();
if (!inetAddr.isLoopbackAddress()) {
if (inetAddr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
return inetAddr.getHostAddress();
} else if (candidateAddress == null) {
candidateAddress = inetAddr;
}
}
}
}
if (candidateAddress != null) {
return candidateAddress.getHostAddress();
}
InetAddress jdkSuppliedAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
return jdkSuppliedAddress.getHostAddress();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}