POJ P3107 Godfather

POJ P3107 Godfather

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题目

Description

Last years Chicago was full of gangster fights and strange murders. The chief of the police got really tired of all these crimes, and decided to arrest the mafia leaders.

Unfortunately, the structure of Chicago mafia is rather complicated. There are n persons known to be related to mafia. The police have traced their activity for some time, and know that some of them are communicating with each other. Based on the data collected, the chief of the police suggests that the mafia hierarchy can be represented as a tree. The head of the mafia, Godfather, is the root of the tree, and if some person is represented by a node in the tree, its direct subordinates are represented by the children of that node. For the purpose of conspiracy the gangsters only communicate with their direct subordinates and their direct master.

Unfortunately, though the police know gangsters’ communications, they do not know who is a master in any pair of communicating persons. Thus they only have an undirected tree of communications, and do not know who Godfather is.

Based on the idea that Godfather wants to have the most possible control over mafia, the chief of the police has made a suggestion that Godfather is such a person that after deleting it from the communications tree the size of the largest remaining connected component is as small as possible. Help the police to find all potential Godfathers and they will arrest them.

Input

The first line of the input file contains n — the number of persons suspected to belong to mafia (2 ≤ n ≤ 50 000). Let them be numbered from 1 to n.

The following n − 1 lines contain two integer numbers each. The pair ai, bi means that the gangster ai has communicated with the gangster bi. It is guaranteed that the gangsters’ communications form a tree.

Output

Print the numbers of all persons that are suspected to be Godfather. The numbers must be printed in the increasing order, separated by spaces.

Sample Input

6
1 2
2 3
2 5
3 4
3 6

Sample Output

2 3

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题目大意

给出一颗树，求出它的重心

Tip：删掉树上的某一个节点 $x$ 后，使得剩余的子树中大小的最大值最小的节点称为树的重心

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题解

树形DP

//以$1$为树根，$sz[i]$表示以 $i$ 为根的子树的大小，$maxp[i]$ 表示以 $i$ 为删除的节点后剩余子树大小的最大值

假设当前处理到节点 $i$，子节点 $j∈son[i]$ ，那么很显然，删除 $i$ 后的剩余子树大小的最大值为 $max(sz[j])$ 或者是 $n$-$sz[i]$

然后我们可以从这些 $maxp[i]$ 中找到一个最小值，其余和它大小一样大的节点也是树的重心

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代码

#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;

int n,tot,minp;
int lnk[50005],sz[50005],maxp[50005];
struct edge
{
    int nxt,y;
} e[100005];

int readln()
{
    int x=0;
    char ch=getchar();
    while (ch<'0'||ch>'9') ch=getchar();
    while ('0'<=ch&&ch<='9') x=x*10+ch-48,ch=getchar();
    return x;
}

void add(int x,int y)
{
    tot++;e[tot].nxt=lnk[x];lnk[x]=tot;e[tot].y=y;
    tot++;e[tot].nxt=lnk[y];lnk[y]=tot;e[tot].y=x;
}

int min(int x,int y){return x<y?x:y;}

int max(int x,int y){return x>y?x:y;}

void dfs(int x,int fa)
{
    sz[x]=1;
    for (int i=lnk[x];i;i=e[i].nxt)
    {
        int y=e[i].y;
        if (y==fa) continue;
        dfs(y,x);
        sz[x]+=sz[y];
        maxp[x]=max(maxp[x],sz[y]);
    }
    maxp[x]=max(maxp[x],n-sz[x]);
    minp=min(minp,maxp[x]);
}

int main()
{
    n=readln();
    for (int i=1;i<n;i++) add(readln(),readln());
    minp=2e9;
    dfs(1,0);
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) if (maxp[i]==minp) printf("%d ",i);
    return 0;
}