实用的CSS样式知识及技巧

1、垂直对齐

如果你用CSS,则你会有困惑:我该怎么垂直对齐容器中的元素?现在,利用CSS3Transform,可以很优雅的解决这个困惑:

.verticalcenter{
    position: relative;
    top: 50%;
    -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
    -o-transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

使用这个技巧,从单行文本、段落到box,都会垂直对齐。目前浏览器对Transform的支持是需要关注的,
Chrome 4Opera 10Safari 3Firefox 3and Internet Explorer 9均支持该属性


2、伸展一个元素到窗口高度

在具体场景中,你可能想要将一个元素伸展到窗口高度,基本元素的调整只能调整容器的大小,因此要使一个元素伸展到窗口高度,
我们需要伸展顶层元素:htmlbody:

html, 
body {
    height: 100%;
}

然后将100%应用到任何元素的高

div {
    height: 100%;
}

3、基于文件格式使用不同的样式

为了更容易知道链接的目标,有时你想让一些链接看起来和其它的不同。下面的片段在文本链接前添加一个图标,对不同的资源使用不同的图标或图片:

a[href^="http://"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(external.gif) no-repeat center right;
}
/* emails */
a[href^="mailto:"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(email.png) no-repeat center right;
}

/* pdfs */
a[href$=".pdf"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(pdf.png) no-repeat center right;
}


4、创建跨浏览器的图像灰度

灰度有时看起来简约和优雅,能为网站呈现更深层次的色调。在示例中,我们将对一个SVG图像添加灰度过滤:

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <filter id="grayscale">
        <feColorMatrix type="matrix" values="0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 1 0"/>
    </filter>
</svg>

为了跨浏览器,会用到filter属性:

img {
    filter: url(filters.svg#grayscale); /* Firefox 3.5+ */
    filter: gray; /* IE6-9 */
    -webkit-filter: grayscale(1); /* Google Chrome, Safari 6+ & Opera 15+ */
}

5、背景渐变动画

CSS中最具诱惑的一个功能是能添加动画效果,除了渐变,你可以给背景色、透明度、元素大小添加动画。目前,你不能为渐变添加动画,但下面的代码可能有帮助。它通过改变背景位置,让它看起来有动画效果。

button {
    background-image: linear-gradient(#5187c4, #1c2f45);
    background-size: auto 200%;
    background-position: 0 100%;
    transition: background-position 0.5s;
}    
button:hover {
    background-position: 0 0;
}



6、CSS:表格列宽自适用

对于表格,当谈到调整列宽时,是比较痛苦的。然后,这里有一个可以使用的技巧:给td元素添加white-space: nowrap;能让文本正确的换行

td {
    white-space: nowrap;
}


7、只在一边或两边显示盒子阴影

如果你要一个盒阴影,试试这个技巧,能为任一边添加阴影。为了实现这个,首先定义一个有具体宽高的盒子,然后正确定位:after伪类。实现底边阴影的代码如下

.box-shadow {
    background-color: #FF8020;
    width: 160px;
    height: 90px;
    margin-top: -45px;
    margin-left: -80px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
}
.box-shadow:after {
    content: "";
    width: 150px;
    height: 1px;
    margin-top: 88px;
    margin-left: -75px;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    z-index: -1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
       -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
            box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
}



   
   

8、包裹长文本

如果你碰到一个比自身容器长的文本,这个技巧对你很有用。在这个示例中,默认时,不管容器的宽度,文本都将水平填充。


简单的CSS代码就能在容器中调整文本:

pre {
    white-space: pre-line;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

效果看起来如下:


9、制造模糊文本

想要让文本模糊?可以使用color透明和text-shadow实现

.blurry-text {
   color: transparent;
   text-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}

10、用CSS动画实现省略号动画

这个片段将帮助你制造一个ellipsis的动画,对于简单的加载状态是很有用的,而不用去使用gif图像。

.loading:after {
    overflow: hidden;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: bottom;
    animation: ellipsis 2s infinite;
    content: "\2026"; /* ascii code for the ellipsis character */
}
@keyframes ellipsis {
    from {
        width: 2px;
    }
    to {
        width: 15px;
    }
}


12、典型的CSS清除浮动
.clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; line-height: 0; height: 0; }
.clearfix { display: inline-block; }
html[xmlns] .clearfix { display: block; }
* html .clearfix { height: 1%; }

13、新版清除浮动(2011)
.clearfix:before, .container:after { content: ""; display: table; }
.clearfix:after { clear: both; }
/* IE 6/7 */
.clearfix { zoom: 1; }
14、跨浏览器的透明
.transparent {
    filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* internet explorer */
    -khtml-opacity: 0.5;      /* khtml, old safari */
    -moz-opacity: 0.5;       /* mozilla, netscape */
    opacity: 0.5;           /* fx, safari, opera */
}

15、通用媒体查询
/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Desktops and laptops ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Large screens ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPhone 4 ----------- */
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5) {
  /* Styles */
}
16、为logo隐藏H1
h1 {
    text-indent: -9999px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 320px;
    height: 85px;
    background: transparent url("images/logo.png") no-repeat scroll;
}

17、图片边框偏光
img.polaroid {
    background:#000; /*Change this to a background image or remove*/
    border:solid #fff;
    border-width:6px 6px 20px 6px;
    box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333; /* Standard blur at 5px. Increase for more depth */
    -webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
    -moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #333;
    height:200px; /*Set to height of your image or desired div*/
    width:200px; /*Set to width of your image or desired div*/
}

18、奇特的CSS引用
.has-pullquote:before {
    /* Reset metrics. */
    padding: 0;
    border: none;
    /* Content */
    content: attr(data-pullquote);
    /* Pull out to the right, modular scale based margins. */
    float: right;
    width: 320px;
    margin: 12px -140px 24px 36px;
    /* Baseline correction */
    position: relative;
    top: 5px;
    /* Typography (30px line-height equals 25% incremental leading) */
    font-size: 23px;
    line-height: 30px;
}
.pullquote-adelle:before {
    font-family: "adelle-1", "adelle-2";
    font-weight: 100;
    top: 10px !important;
}
.pullquote-helvetica:before {
    font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: bold;
    top: 7px !important;
}
.pullquote-facit:before {
    font-family: "facitweb-1", "facitweb-2", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: bold;
    top: 7px !important;
}

19、强制出现垂直滚动条
html { height: 101% }
20、CSS3渐变模板
#colorbox {
    background: #629721;
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#83b842), to(#629721));
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
}
21、@font-face模板
@font-face {
    font-family: 'MyWebFont';
    src: url('webfont.eot'); /* IE9 Compat Modes */
    src: url('webfont.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'), /* IE6-IE8 */
    url('webfont.woff') format('woff'), /* Modern Browsers */
    url('webfont.ttf')  format('truetype'), /* Safari, Android, iOS */
    url('webfont.svg#svgFontName') format('svg'); /* Legacy iOS */
}
body {
    font-family: 'MyWebFont', Arial, sans-serif;
}
22、缝合CSS3元素
p {
    position:relative;
    z-index:1;
    padding: 10px;
    margin: 10px;
    font-size: 21px;
    line-height: 1.3em;
    color: #fff;
    background: #ff0030;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 4px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 4px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #ff0030, 2px 1px 6px 4px rgba(10,10,0,.5);
    -webkit-border-radius: 3px;
    -moz-border-radius: 3px;
    border-radius: 3px;
}
p:before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    top: 3px;
    bottom: 3px;
    left :3px;
    right: 3px;
    border: 2px dashed #fff;
}
p a {
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration:none;
}
p a:hover, p a:focus, p a:active {
    text-decoration:underline;
}
23、有趣的&
.amp {
    font-family: Baskerville, 'Goudy Old Style', Palatino, 'Book Antiqua', serif;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: normal;
}
24、内部CSS3 盒阴影
#mydiv { 
    -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
    box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
}
25、三角形列表项目符号
ul {
    margin: 0.75em 0;
    padding: 0 1em;
    list-style: none;
}
li:before { 
    content: "";
    border-color: transparent #111;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 0.35em 0 0.35em 0.45em;
    display: block;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    left: -1em;
    top: 0.9em;
    position: relative;
}

26、跨浏览器设置最小高度
#container {
    min-height: 550px;
    height: auto !important;
    height: 550px;
}
27、CSS3 鲜艳的输入
input[type=text], textarea {
    -webkit-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -moz-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -ms-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -o-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    outline: none;
    padding: 3px 0px 3px 3px;
    margin: 5px 1px 3px 0px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
input[type=text]:focus, textarea:focus {
    box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(81, 203, 238, 1);
    padding: 3px 0px 3px 3px;
    margin: 5px 1px 3px 0px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(81, 203, 238, 1);
}
28、CSS3对话气泡
.chat-bubble {
    background-color: #ededed;
    border: 2px solid #666;
    font-size: 35px;
    line-height: 1.3em;
    margin: 10px auto;
    padding: 10px;
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    width: 300px;
    -moz-border-radius: 20px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
    font-family: 'Bangers', arial, serif; 
}
.chat-bubble-arrow-border {
    border-color: #666 transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 20px;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -42px;
    left: 30px;
}
.chat-bubble-arrow {
    border-color: #ededed transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 20px;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -39px;
    left: 30px;
}
29、纯CSS背景噪音
body {
    background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,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);
    background-color: #0094d0;
}
30、在可打印的网页中显示URLs
@media print   {  
  a:after {  
    content: " [" attr(href) "] ";  
  }  
}
31、禁用移动Webkit的选择高亮
body {
    -webkit-touch-callout: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
    -khtml-user-select: none;
    -moz-user-select: none;
    -ms-user-select: none;
    user-select: none;
}
32、CSS3 圆点图案
body {
    background: radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, transparent 10%),
    radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, black 10%) 50px 50px;
    background-size: 100px 100px;
}
33、CSS3 方格图案
body {
    background-color: white;
    background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, black 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 75%, black 75%, black), 
    linear-gradient(45deg, black 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 75%, black 75%, black);
    background-size: 100px 100px;
    background-position: 0 0, 50px 50px;
}
34、CSS font属性缩写
p {
  font: italic small-caps bold 1.2em/1.0em Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica;
}
35、论文页面的卷曲效果
ul.box {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1; /* prevent shadows falling behind containers with backgrounds */
    overflow: hidden;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0; 
}
ul.box li {
    position: relative;
    float: left;
    width: 250px;
    height: 150px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 1px solid #efefef;
    margin: 0 30px 30px 0;
    background: #fff;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
}
ul.box li:before,
ul.box li:after {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    left: 10px;
    bottom: 10px;
    width: 70%;
    max-width: 300px; /* avoid rotation causing ugly appearance at large container widths */
    max-height: 100px;
    height: 55%;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -webkit-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg); 
}
ul.box li:after {
    left: auto;
    right: 10px;
    -webkit-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg); 
}
60、带CSS3特色的横幅显示
.featureBanner {
    position: relative;
    margin: 20px
}
.featureBanner:before {
    content: "Featured";
    position: absolute;
    top: 5px;
    left: -8px;
    padding-right: 10px;
    color: #232323;
    font-weight: bold;
    height: 0px;
    border: 15px solid #ffa200;
    border-right-color: transparent;
    line-height: 0px;
    box-shadow: -0px 5px 5px -5px #000;
    z-index: 1;
}
.featureBanner:after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 35px;
    left: -8px;
    border: 4px solid #89540c;
    border-left-color: transparent;
    border-bottom-color: transparent;
}






原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/e878122a92a3




            
            

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