1.ArrayList
//不安全的写法 ,会报出 ConcurrentModificationException,当方法检测到对象的并发修改,但不允许这种修改时,抛出此异常。
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0;i<10;i++){
new Thread(()->{
list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
System.out.println(list);
}).start();
}
}
改进方法1:用vector,核心用了synchronized
List list = new Vector<>();
改进方法2:用Collections工具类下的方法,核心用了synchronized
List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
改进方法3:用JUC下面的 CopyOnWriteArrayList,写入时复制,
List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
//写入时复制的核心。复制一份
public boolean add(E e) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();
int len = elements.length;
Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
newElements[len] = e;
setArray(newElements);
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
二、Set
类似的安全操作
Set set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
Set set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
//hashSet底层是HashMap
public HashSet() {
map = new HashMap<>();
}
public boolean add(E e) {
return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
}