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在上一篇博文使用DBUnit做单元测试中，谈到了使用DBUnit进行数据准备做单测试，可以方便我们的数据准备以及后面的执行结果的验证，简化了我们做单元测试的准备工作，不过其中有一个不足就是，单元测试的代码过多的和DBUnit进行了耦合，并且其中还使用到了SQL，这个感觉非常不好，对于我们使用习惯了Spring进行解耦的人来说，总想使它简化一点，下面这个例子就是使用Spring集成DBUnit，进一步简化我们使用DBUnit做数据准备的工作。
我所做的就是将数据准备写成Annotation的方式，这样可以方便进行数据准备，写了两个Annotation，一个是用于Method的，一个是用于Class，用于Method的数据准备可以被事务管理，即数据在跑完测试后，就会被rollback，可是用于Class的却不能够在跑完测试后被回滚，于是就在找这里的问题。可是我却在一篇BLOG里面发现已经有现成的集成于spring test的dbunit annotation了，https://github.com/springtestdbunit/spring-test-dbunit/，测试了一下，我实现的功能它都已经实现了，并且把expected result也有一个实现了的Annotation ExpectedDatabase，那我的代码就直接扔掉了。只是这个ExpectedDatabase Annotation有一点不足的就是，不能够对结果数据进行排序，因为有的数据在插入到数据库中后，顺序就和Expected的结果集就会不一样了，这点我会在后面有说明，如何弥补这样的情况。以下是一个详细的实例，测试JAVA是放在名为com.dbunit.test的package中：
1、一些关键性的依赖
<dependency> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <artifactId>dbunit</artifactId> <groupId>org.dbunit</groupId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jotm</groupId> <artifactId>jotm</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.experlog</groupId> <artifactId>xapool</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>注：这里没有写spring-test-dbunit的依赖，那是因为在我环境我使用的是spring-test-dbunit的源码。
2、建表语句
create table YouTableName_1( filed_1 int, filed_2 varchar2(50), filed_3 varchar2(50))<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><dataset> <YouTableName_1 Filed_1="1" Filed_2="f2" Filed_3="f3"/> <YouTableName_1 Filed_1="2" Filed_2="f2_1" Filed_3="f3_1"/></dataset>4、期待的结果DBUnit数据文件：MyTest_Result.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><dataset> <YouTableName_1 Filed_1="1" Filed_2="a" Filed_3="a1"/> <YouTableName_1 Filed_1="2" Filed_2="b" Filed_3="b1"/></dataset><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="jotm" class="org.objectweb.jotm.Current" /> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.enhydra.jdbc.pool.StandardXAPoolDataSource" destroy-method="shutdown"> <property name="dataSource"> <bean class="org.enhydra.jdbc.standard.StandardXADataSource" destroy-method="shutdown"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="jotm" /> <property name="driverName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" /> <!-- oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver com.p6spy.engine.spy.P6SpyDriver --> <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@1.1.1.1:1521:dbschema" /> <property name="user" value="username" /> <property name="password" value="password" /> </bean> </property> <property name="user" value="username" /> <property name="password" value="password" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager"> <property name="userTransaction" ref="jotm" /> </bean> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"> </property> </bean> <!-- Scan the package and register the bean into container --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.dbunit.test" /></beans>UpdateTest.java
package com.dbunit.test;import java.sql.SQLException;import javax.inject.Inject;import javax.inject.Named;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;@Named("UpdateTest")public class UpdateTest { @Inject JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; public void updateFiled() throws SQLException { jdbcTemplate.execute("update YouTableName_1 set filed_2='a',filed_3='a1' where filed_1=1"); jdbcTemplate.execute("update YouTableName_1 set filed_2='b',filed_3='b1' where filed_1=2"); }}MyTest.java
package com.dbunit.test;import java.io.IOException;import java.sql.SQLException;import javax.inject.Inject;import junit.framework.Assert;import org.junit.Test;import com.github.springtestdbunit.annotation.DatabaseSetup;import com.github.springtestdbunit.annotation.ExpectedDatabase;import com.github.springtestdbunit.assertion.DatabaseAssertionMode;public class MyTest extends BasedTestCase { @Inject UpdateTest updateTest; @Test @DatabaseSetup({ "classpath:/MyTest.xml" }) @ExpectedDatabase(assertionMode=DatabaseAssertionMode.NON_STRICT,value="classpath:/MyTest_Result.xml") public void testSend() throws IOException, SQLException { try { updateTest.updateFiled(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); Assert.assertTrue(false); } }}BasedTestCase.java
package com.dbunit.test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.github.springtestdbunit.TransactionDbUnitTestExecutionListener;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/spring.xml" })@TestExecutionListeners({ DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class, TransactionDbUnitTestExecutionListener.class })@Transactionalpublic abstract class BasedTestCase {}这就是这个简单的测试示例所需要的全部文件，也可以运行成功了。
不过如果其它的测试，虽然执行结果正确，但是JUnit的执行结果却是错误的，这是因为我们准备的数据在被插入到数据库中后，记录的顺序可能就被打乱了，此时的执行结果的记录顺序就会和我们期待的结果就会不一样。这个时候的解决方法就是将查询执行结果的时候，加上某个字段的order by，就可以得到我们期望的结果。
此时我们将MyTest.java 和 BaseTestCase.java修改成如下这样的：
MyTest.java
package com.dbunit.test;import java.io.IOException;import java.sql.SQLException;import javax.inject.Inject;import junit.framework.Assert;import org.dbunit.dataset.ReplacementDataSet;import org.junit.Test;import com.github.springtestdbunit.annotation.DatabaseSetup;import com.github.springtestdbunit.annotation.ExpectedDatabase;import com.github.springtestdbunit.assertion.DatabaseAssertionMode;public class MyTest extends BasedTestCase { @Inject UpdateTest updateTest; @Test @DatabaseSetup({ "classpath:/MyTest.xml" }) //The comparation can be kept, it's maybe correct @ExpectedDatabase(assertionMode=DatabaseAssertionMode.NON_STRICT,value="classpath:/MyTest_Result.xml") public void testSend() throws IOException, SQLException { try { updateTest.updateFiled(); // get result data set by result xml file ReplacementDataSet dataload_result = createDataSet(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("MyTest_Result.xml")); // compare the data which get from database and the expected result file assertDataSet("YouTableName_1", "select filed_1,filed_2,filed_3 from YouTableName_1 order by filed_1", dataload_result); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); Assert.assertTrue(false); } }}BaseTestCase.java
package com.dbunit.test;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.TreeMap;import javax.inject.Inject;import javax.sql.DataSource;import junit.framework.Assert;import org.dbunit.Assertion;import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;import org.dbunit.database.QueryDataSet;import org.dbunit.dataset.Column;import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;import org.dbunit.dataset.ITable;import org.dbunit.dataset.ReplacementDataSet;import org.dbunit.dataset.filter.DefaultColumnFilter;import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSetBuilder;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.github.springtestdbunit.TransactionDbUnitTestExecutionListener;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/spring.xml" })@TestExecutionListeners({ DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class, TransactionDbUnitTestExecutionListener.class })@Transactionalpublic abstract class BasedTestCase { @Inject DataSource dataSource; /** * This is used to assert the data from table and the expected data set. If all of the them has the same records, then the assert is true. * * @param tableName * @param sql * @param expectedDataSet * @throws Exception */ protected void assertDataSet(String tableName, String sql, IDataSet expectedDataSet) throws Exception { if (dataSource == null) { throw new RuntimeException("There must be dataSource in the spring config file"); } IDatabaseConnection iconn = new DatabaseConnection(dataSource.getConnection()); printDataAsXml(iconn, tableName, sql); QueryDataSet loadedDataSet = new QueryDataSet(iconn); loadedDataSet.addTable(tableName, sql); ITable table1 = loadedDataSet.getTable(tableName); ITable table2 = expectedDataSet.getTable(tableName); Assert.assertEquals(table2.getRowCount(), table1.getRowCount()); DefaultColumnFilter.includedColumnsTable(table1, table2.getTableMetaData().getColumns()); Assertion.assertEquals(table2, table1); } /** * Create the data set by input stream which read from the dbunit xml data file. * * @param is * @return * @throws Exception */ protected ReplacementDataSet createDataSet(InputStream is) throws Exception { return new ReplacementDataSet(new FlatXmlDataSetBuilder().build(is)); } /** * Convert the data in the ITable to List * * @param table * @return * @throws Exception */ private List<Map<?, ?>> getDataFromTable(ITable table) throws Exception { List<Map<?, ?>> ret = new ArrayList<Map<?, ?>>(); int count_table = table.getRowCount(); if (count_table > 0) { Column[] columns = table.getTableMetaData().getColumns(); for (int i = 0; i < count_table; i++) { Map<String, Object> map = new TreeMap<String, Object>(); for (Column column : columns) { map.put(column.getColumnName().toUpperCase(), table.getValue(i, column.getColumnName())); } ret.add(map); } } return ret; } /** * Get data by the SQL and table name, then convert the data in the ITable to List * * @param iconn * @param tableName * @param sql * @return * @throws Exception */ private List<Map<?, ?>> getTableDataFromSql(IDatabaseConnection iconn, String tableName, String sql) throws Exception { ITable table = iconn.createQueryTable(tableName, sql); return getDataFromTable(table); } /** * Get data by the SQL and table name, then convert the data in the ITable to List. And the print the data as xml data format. * * @param iconn * @param tableName * @param sql * @throws Exception */ private void printDataAsXml(IDatabaseConnection iconn, String tableName, String sql) throws Exception { List<Map<?, ?>> datas = getTableDataFromSql(iconn, tableName, sql); StringBuffer sb; for (Map<?, ?> data : datas) { sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.append("<" + tableName.toUpperCase() + " "); for (Object o : data.keySet()) { sb.append(o + "=\"" + data.get(o) + "\" "); } sb.append("/>"); System.out.println(sb.toString()); } }}这里我们验证了两次结果，通常执行结果是正确的，如果执行结果失败了，可以把ExpectedDatabase Annotation给注释掉，再试试，当然你的expected结果文件一定要和你期的执行结果相同了。
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