Laravel学习笔记

开启 tinker ，进行交互式编程。

$ php artisan tinker

然后，就可以在练习中学会如何操作数据库了，比如：

实例化一个 model，并添加一些数据，这里用到了 Carbon 类提供的操作的时间的方法：

>>> $article = new App\Article();
=> <App\Article #0000000060c3016a000000016bd293a3> {}
>>>  $article->title = "标题1"
=> "标题1"
>>> $article->body ="文章内容1"
=> "文章内容1"
>>> $article->published_at = Carbon\Carbon::now();
=> <Carbon\Carbon #0000000060c30169000000016bd2980b> {
       date: "2016-11-30 06:25:06.000000",
       timezone_type: 3,
       timezone: "UTC"
   }

可以方便的将刚才的实例转化成各种需要的格式，使用 toArray() 或 toJson()

>>> $article
=> <App\Article #0000000060c3016a000000016bd293a3> {
       title: "标题1",
       body: "文章内容1",
       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #0000000060c30169000000016bd2980b> {
           date: "2016-11-30 06:25:06.000000",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       }
   }
>>> $article->toArray()
=> [
       "title"        => "标题1",
       "body"         => "文章内容1",
       "published_at" => <Carbon\Carbon #0000000060c30169000000016bd2980b> {
           date: "2016-11-30 06:25:06.000000",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       }
   ]
>>> $article->toJson()

将刚才添加的数据存入数据库，用到的 save()

>>> $article->save()
=> true
>>> $article
=> <App\Article #0000000060c3016a000000016bd293a3> {
       title: "标题1",
       body: "文章内容1",
       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #0000000060c30169000000016bd2980b> {
           date: "2016-11-30 06:25:06.000000",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       },
       updated_at: "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
       created_at: "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
       id: 1
   }

save() 方法也可以用于更新表数据：

>>> $article->body = "更新内容1"
=> "更新内容1"
>>> $article->title = '更新标题1'
=> "更新标题1"
>>> $article->save()
=> true
>>> $article
=> <App\Article #0000000060c3016a000000016bd293a3> {
       title: "更新标题1",
       body: "更新内容1",
       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #0000000060c30169000000016bd2980b> {
           date: "2016-11-30 06:25:06.000000",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       },
       updated_at: "2016-11-30 06:32:41",
       created_at: "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
       id: 1
   }

保存后，我们就可以取出数据库的数据了，使用 all() 方法可以取出全部数据，同时也可以使用刚才的 toArray() 转化数据格式：

>>> App\Article::all()->toArray();
=> [
       [
           "id"           => 1,
           "title"        => "标题1",
           "body"         => "文章内容1",
           "published_at" => "2016-11-30 06:25:06",
           "created_at"   => "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
           "updated_at"   => "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
           "excerpt"      => null
       ]
   ]

也可以根据 ID 来寻找某条记录：find()

>>> $article = App\Article::find(1)
=> <App\Article #0000000060c3017f000000016bd293a3> {
       id: 1,
       title: "更新标题1",
       body: "更新内容1",
       published_at: "2016-11-30 06:25:06",
       created_at: "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
       updated_at: "2016-11-30 06:32:41",
       excerpt: null
   }

不根据 ID 的话，也可以自己定义条件来获取符合条件的所有记录：where()

>>> $article = App\Article::where('body','更新内容1')->get();
=> <Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection #0000000060c30182000000016bd293a3> [
       <App\Article #0000000060c30186000000016bd293a3> {
           id: 1,
           title: "更新标题1",
           body: "更新内容1",
           published_at: "2016-11-30 06:25:06",
           created_at: "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
           updated_at: "2016-11-30 06:32:41",
           excerpt: null
       }
   ]

也可以获取符合条件的第一条记录: first()

>>> $article = App\Article::where('body','更新内容1')->first();

刚才只是单条数据的操作，Laravel 也可以批量赋值创建：

>>> $article = App\Article::create(['title'=>'另一篇标题','body'=>'另一篇内容','published_at'=>Carbon\Carbon::now()]);
Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MassAssignmentException with message 'title'

Laravel 默认是不允许这样做的，需要将允许批量创建的字段添加到 $fillable 属性中。

// Article.php
<?php namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model {

	protected $fillable = [
		'title',
		'body',
		'published_at',
	];

}

然后，重新启动 tinker 并执行刚才的命令：

$ php artisan tinker
Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.6.22 — cli) by Justin Hileman
>>> $article = App\Article::create(['title'=>'另一篇标题','body'=>'另一篇内容','published_at'=>Carbon\Carbon::now()]);
=> <App\Article #0000000001dffeec0000000159ffa4c5> {
       title: "另一篇标题",
       body: "另一篇内容",
       published_at: <Carbon\Carbon #0000000001dffeef0000000159ffaf6d> {
           date: "2016-11-30 06:46:59.000000",
           timezone_type: 3,
           timezone: "UTC"
       },
       updated_at: "2016-11-30 06:46:59",
       created_at: "2016-11-30 06:46:59",
       id: 3
   }

除了 save() 外，update() 方法也可以用于更新表的数据：

>>> $article = App\Article::find(1)
=> <App\Article #0000000001dffee20000000159ffa4c5> {
       id: 1,
       title: "更新标题1",
       body: "更新内容1",
       published_at: "2016-11-30 06:25:06",
       created_at: "2016-11-30 06:27:54",
       updated_at: "2016-11-30 06:32:41",
       excerpt: null
   }
>>> $article->update(['body'=>'更新2']);